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环保政策趋严 煤化工企业亟待转型升级

2017-08-28 07:01:54   中国经济网

时隔多年,神华再度扩大煤制烯烃项目投资。8月8日,停牌重组中的中国神华能源股份有限公司发布公告称,其包头煤制烯烃升级项目(神华包头二期)已获得内蒙古发改委的批准。该项目总投资约171.5亿元,项目资本金51.45亿元,项目完成后有望年产75万吨煤制烯烃,包括35万吨聚乙烯和40万吨聚丙烯。

2011年,神华包头60万吨煤制烯烃(包括30万吨聚乙烯和30万吨聚丙烯)项目投入商业化运作,此项目为国内首套煤制烯烃项目,随后同类型项目集中投产,2014年以后国内煤制烯烃项目呈现阶梯式增长。

事实上,我国煤制烯烃项目发展并非一帆风顺。2014年,国际油价经历了断崖式下跌,油价下跌且长期处于低位运行,严重削弱了煤制烯烃的成本优势。“十二五”期间,出于环保考虑,国家对煤化工项目的政策转向。

低油价与严环保双重挤压,煤化工企业的发展之路走得并不容易,煤炭深加工过程中排放的“三废”会造成大量环境污染,需要投入大量资金进行处理,伴随着环保政策日趋严格,虽然煤企普遍提出“零排放”概念,但环保设备的同期投入使得煤制烯烃项目的投资更大。

2016年国内供给侧改革五大任务开始实施,随着煤炭去产能成效逐步显现,煤炭价格走高,煤制烯烃环节的利润率也相应受到压缩。尽管国内煤制烯烃企业大多利用自采煤矿,但煤炭去产能政策的实施,对新增开矿的要求限制更为严格,煤制烯烃的新投产难以同时配套新增煤矿,这也对煤制烯烃的投产带来一定压力。

整体来看,尽管目前国内尚有多套煤制烯烃项目计划上马,但受油价、环保、供给侧改革等多面影响,其投入压力亦较大。对煤化工企业来说,率先通过技术深耕和产品优选来进行自我提升,才能避免激烈产品竞争带来的利润压缩。

早在2015年,就有专家提出,未来煤化工应从低端往高端发展,不应只满足于五大通用塑料,聚丙烯、聚乙烯、碳纤维、芳纶等产品应成为未来发展的核心。“十三五”期间,煤化工将重点实现从传统煤化工向现代煤化工、精细煤化工升级。

作者单位:金联创(原金银岛资讯)

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