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使用外资增速或由负转正 对外投资降幅有望收窄

2017-08-26 07:06:12   中国经济网

我国实际使用外资正经历新旧动能转换,部分行业对外资的吸引力下降,而新兴产业增长动能加强,使用外资质量不断提高,吸引外资整体规模相对稳定,我国依然是外资流入热土。与此同时,我国对外投资主体逐渐回归理性,对外投资的产业结构逐渐优化,“一带一路”已成为对外投资的重要方向。下半年在政策红利持续释放的情况下,我国利用外资增速或由负转正,而在对外投资调控措施显效及高基数的条件下,我国对外投资仍将保持负增长,但降幅有望收窄。

一、实际使用外资新旧动能转换对外投资市场主体回归理性

(一)我国外商直接投资规模稳定,仍是外资流入热土

联合国贸发会议最新发布的《2017世界投资报告》显示,全球外商直接投资流量在经历了2015年的强劲增长后,2016年增长动能不足,全年下降2%,而投向发展中经济体,特别是投向亚洲发展中国家的资金同比更是下降15%。但我国凭借着巨大的消费市场、完备的产业链和价值链以及良好的投资环境等优势,依然保持着对外资的吸引力,从而使外资流入规模相对稳定,2016年资金流入量达1340亿美元,同比仅小幅下降1%,流入规模排名世界第三,仅次于美国和英国。进入2017年,在世界经济复苏基础不牢、地缘政治风险上升、贸易保护主义升温等情况下,我国利用外资规模保持稳定态势,上半年实际使用外资金额4415.4亿元,同比仅下降0.1%,利用外资规模依然很大,而且外商来华开办企业数继续保持增长,新设立外商投资企业15053家,同比增长12.3%,仍是外资流入热土。

(二)实际使用外资新旧动能转换,外资质量进一步提高

我国利用外资正面临新旧动能转换期,原有增长动能在减弱,而新兴增长动能不断加强,利用外资的产业结构呈现分化态势。受生产要素成本上升以及环境制约等因素的影响,我国传统制造业在国际竞争中的比较优势逐渐消逝,对外资的吸引力度减弱,但高新技术产业的比较优势逐步形成,对外资的吸引力不断增加。上半年,我国制造业实际使用外资金额1286亿元,同比增长3%,增速较去年同期回升5.8个百分点。其中,高技术制造业利用外资保持快速增长态势,实际使用外资349.7亿元,同比增长11.1%;计算机及办公设备制造业和航空、航天器及设备制造业分别增长178.9%和149.4%。服务业利用外资的规模占比保持稳定,占总吸引外资规模的70.2%,是外资流入主要领域。其中,高技术服务业实际使用外资647.2亿元,同比增长20.4%,占服务业利用外资的比重升至20.8%,比去年同期上升3.5个百分点。我国利用外资的产业结构进一步优化,外资流向高附加值行业的规模不断增大。

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