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“无现金”离我们有多近

2017-08-25 22:10:58   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京8月25日讯 (记者 陈果静) 移动支付正在改变我们的生活习惯,无论是出行还是购物。目前,部分城市就连买菜也能“扫一扫”支付,移动支付的快速发展给人们带来了便利。

在世界范围内,非现金支付也在飞速发展。一些国家和地区实施“去现金化”,包括停止发行大面额现钞,更多地限制大额现金使用等,瑞典和丹麦还提出建设“无现金社会”。

无现金社会看似离我们越来越近,但针对“无现金”同样也存在很多的争议:移动支付发展带来的是便利还是鸿沟?现金是否就不再重要、可有可无了?

移动支付发展迅猛

今年4月,杭州西湖满觉陇的茶农陈礼户首次体验了移动支付。和往年用小本子记账、一手交钱一手交货不同,今年,他在女儿的帮助下,学会了用支付宝收款。“不会发错货,也不会收到假钱,一天下来,每一笔进账都清清楚楚。”

今年6月,中国人民银行发布的《2017年第一季度支付体系运行总体情况》显示,今年一季度移动支付业务保持较快增长。一季度移动支付业务共有93.04亿笔,金额60.65万亿元,同比分别增长65.71%和16.35%。

一些大型商超也逐渐接纳了这种新型的支付方式。家乐福中国在接入支付宝后,平均收银速度从原来的1分钟缩减到15至20秒,效率提升了3倍,并节省了40%的人力成本。

万事达卡中国区总裁常青认为,非现金支付让支付更为便捷,有促进消费的作用。“中国农村的特产可以卖到中东,中国网民只需待在家中就可以购买全球最好的商品,这些都是因为非现金支付才成为了可能。”同时,现金是有成本的。万事达卡2013年《超越现金之旅》报告显示,每年现金消耗了全球GDP的1.5%。

有观点认为,无现金社会有利于减少现金的印制、运输、处理、销毁、保险和安保等所带来的资源耗费;无现金社会还能够有效提高资金交易透明度,遏制现金使用可能带来的违法犯罪行为。

目前,有不少国家的确在尝试建设无现金社会。如IT产业发达、国土面积较小的瑞典。目前瑞典1600多家商业银行已有900多家不再提供现金服务,农村地区不再保留自动取款机,商业企业拒收现金已经合法化。

在丹麦,统计数据显示,2015年,87%的16至74岁丹麦国民使用网络支付,网络支付量占消费量的25%;丹麦金融机构ATM从2007年3000多台降至2015年约2500台,营业网点从1991年2200多个降至2015年的800个左右。丹麦流通中现金量10年来一直保持在700亿丹麦克朗左右。

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