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资金链紧张不可小觑 瑞康医药要发10亿超短融“解渴”

2017-08-21 17:50:10   中国经济网

为缓解公司资金链紧张的现状,在先后尝试多种措施盘活账面资产后,瑞康医药(002489)又将目光投向了债券市场。

日前,其在银行间市场公告称,拟公开发行金额为10亿元的超短期融资券,全部用于公司母公司补充流动资金。

经济导报记者注意到,瑞康医药此次发行的超短融,发行期限仅有30天。相对于超短融产品中常见的270天期、210天期和180天期,30天期产品颇为少见,可谓充分诠释了“超短期”的定义。

财务风险如影随形

作为以直销业务为主的企业,由于商业模式和业务特点,高企的资产负债率、应收账款、存货规模、期间费用等财务风险,一直与瑞康医药如影随形,并给其资金链带来了不少挑战。

经济导报记者查询得知,近3年及2017年第一季度(下称“近3年及一期”),瑞康医药资产负债率分别为67.85%、61.24%、52.08%和56.17%。2011年以来,公司债务总额也呈快速增长态势,截至2017年3月31日,其有息债务余额达到35.52亿元,规模较大。

更为重要的是,近年来,瑞康医药备受“应收”二字困扰,应收类余额较大,增幅较快,且存在发生坏账的风险。

财务数据显示,近3年及一期,公司应收票据、应收账款和其他应收款余额合计分别为36.24亿元、51.23亿元、87.01亿元和107.89亿元,自2013年末起较前一年末增幅分别为30.95%、41.36%、69.83%和62.17%。其中,同期应收账款账面价值分别为32.43亿元、44.44亿元、78.19亿元和95.22亿元,占总资产的比例分别高达57.11%、50.14%、49.94%和52.18%。

如此高额的余额以及颇快的增速,除了由于业务迅速扩张,为扩大经营规模,放宽了应收类款项的付款账期等原因外,近年来瑞康医药频频进行的收购、并购,也在一定程度上拉高了公司的应收类余额。

“在收购一家公司时,从收购的当天起,其应收账款就并入公司了,但利润却不能很快体现,这是公司应收账款增幅较大的主要原因。”瑞康医药证券事务代表王秀婷对经济导报记者表示。

在她看来,公司从属于一个占款行业。“比如,公司给上游回款是2至3个月,但下游给公司回款是4至6个月,这中间就有一个时间差。”

同时,因作为医药商业企业的瑞康医药的基本功能便是将从上游供应商采购的药品销售到下游的需求方,基于医疗市场的特殊性,要求医药商业的药品仓储及配送必须满足终端需求的及时性、不确定性及突发传染性疾病的急迫性,同时,医药商业企业还需应对医药工业生产的周期性和在途运输的不确定性。为此,医药商业企业必须对各种药品保持一定的库存量。

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