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无人驾驶汽车离万亿市场还有多远

2017-08-21 10:33:22   中国经济网

一个月前,百度创始人李彦宏乘无人驾驶汽车“招摇过市”的情景,引来公众热议。“无人驾驶”这个潮流词汇开始吸引了越来越多的注意,同时还有大量的热钱和资本。根据市场研究公司麦肯锡的数据显示,到2030年,无人驾驶出租车市场的规模将达到2万亿美元。

人工智能愈演愈烈的几年间,包括大众、奔驰、特斯拉、谷歌等公司早已开始了长期的市场布局,而就在几日之前,菲亚特克莱斯勒宣布将加入由宝马牵头的联盟,开发无人驾驶汽车。就连芯片厂商因特尔和全球3C代工服务领域的龙头富士康也都积极投身进了无人驾驶领域。

全球范围内,这个价值万亿级别的市场正在迅速展开,老牌汽车厂商和新锐科技公司之间关于无人驾驶技术的竞争更加激烈,无人驾驶汽车的研发实验领域风起云涌。

传统制造车企与

互联网公司暗地竞争

特斯拉2016年秋天更新了自动驾驶系统,宣布全部车型都将标配基本硬件,2017年,奥迪和通用就赶紧发布了L3和L2级别自动驾驶车型。在无人驾驶领域内,两派之间进行着没有硝烟的纷争。诸如大众、通用、福特等具有丰富造车经验的传统汽车制造商,以及以特斯拉、谷歌等为代表的科技派互联网公司,都将无人驾驶技术作为未来市场进行全力实验推进。

早在2012年2月,加州成为全球首个可以自主为无人驾驶汽车制定法则的州郡。同年5月,加州将全球首张无人驾驶车测试牌照授予给谷歌。以特斯拉和谷歌的自动驾驶汽车品牌Waymo为代表的互联网型汽车公司,早已高调进行长期的无人驾驶的推进。而传统汽车厂商所面对的,则是技术研发的难点。此前,多数传统厂商都在试图独立寻求解决方案,但到了如今,虽然依然有企业在坚持,但另一部分都逐渐放弃了自动化驾驶系统的全资所有权,转向分散资金投入的负担和风险。

福特则是传统汽车公司中较早确定了自动驾驶发展路线的企业之一,投入了重金和大量研发力量进行研究,在密歇根州、亚利桑那州和加州进行上路测试。通用汽车在2016年以10亿美元收购了自动驾驶技术创业公司Cruise Automation,还与卡耐基梅隆大学等美国科研单位有合作,并在硅谷Palo Alto设立了前沿科技实验室,进行自动驾驶技术方面的研究。这两家汽车巨头分别至少投资20亿美元用于城市共乘的无人驾驶汽车开发。

而另一边,宝马则成为首家放弃独立研发无人驾驶汽车的传统制造商,选择与芯片厂商英特尔以及摄像头和软件制造商Mobileye合作,计划到2021年共同开发出无人驾驶汽车技术平台。菲亚特克莱斯勒则是与谷歌母公司Alphabet达成了合作,共同测试研发自动驾驶性能的汽车。不过,作为传统制造企业,宝马、梅赛德斯和奥迪等品牌间也搁置它们之间的竞争关系,联手收购地图公司HERE,以降低对谷歌的依赖。

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