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财经观察:德国汽车业转型之路如何走

2017-08-17 17:30:38   新华网

新华社柏林8月16日电 财经观察:德国汽车业转型之路如何走

新华社记者乔继红

因柴油车“排放门”丑闻深陷舆论漩涡的德国汽车业成为德国大选之年的重要话题。作为德国经济支柱产业之一,其发展动向牵动民众和政客的神经。

德国总理默克尔16日首次在“排放门”丑闻后明确表态说,将向德国汽车制造商施压以推动其加速向电动汽车转型。

默克尔当天在社交网站上与年轻网民交流时承诺,德国将实现2020年100万辆电动汽车上路的目标。她一改6月份时“这一目标似难以实现”的说法,表示将努力推动德国车企转型。

德国目前汽车保有量约为4500万辆,其中电动汽车约10万辆,要实现100万辆电动汽车上路的目标并非易事。

默克尔对禁售燃油车的态度也有所松动,将其视为“一个选项”。之前,德国车企深陷“排放门”漩涡,法国和英国相继宣布2040年禁售燃油车,默克尔仍坚持为柴油车辩护,称不要“妖魔化”柴油车。如今,虽然默克尔没有给出禁售燃油车的具体时间表,但态度转变非常明显。

分析人士认为,默克尔对德国汽车业的态度之所以出现变化,主要是迫于国内选举压力。

德国将于9月24日举行大选,默克尔再次寻求连任。随着选举日益临近,国内舆论对德国汽车业的关注持续增加,主要党派对汽车业转型的讨论更加激烈,给默克尔造成压力。

默克尔的主要竞争对手、社会民主党总理候选人马丁·舒尔茨日前针对德国汽车业提出“五点计划”,其中包括在欧盟内引进强制性的电动汽车生产配额制度,以加快德国汽车业转型。

舒尔茨认为,德国汽车业在电动汽车问题上心态“自负”,其代价将“无法承受”。他还建议,德国汽车业建立自己的电池生产厂,以摆脱对国外电池生产商的依赖。

德国环境部国务秘书约亨·弗拉斯巴特16日也说,欧盟可能在今年秋天推出电动汽车生产配额制,具体配额仍未商定,但有人建议到2025年车企生产车辆中的25%必须是电动车。

默克尔反对电动汽车生产配额制度,认为“这一提议并未经过深思熟虑”。她支持政府成立一个约5亿欧元的基金,增加对充电桩等基础设施的投入,协助汽车企业创新,帮助它们转型。

舒尔茨和默克尔对德国汽车业急需重建声誉有基本共识,也都认为发展电动汽车是德国汽车业的未来方向,二人的分歧主要集中在汽车业转型具体路径上。舒尔茨的建议更加激进,默克尔则强调循序渐进。

行业人士认为,不管默克尔和舒尔茨对汽车业的政策主张是为了赢得选举的权宜之计,还是着眼未来的长远规划,也不管选举见分晓后具体政策走向如何,德国汽车业向电动汽车转型已成为不可逆转的趋势。

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