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债市趋势性上行机会难现

2017-08-01 10:23:41   中国经济网

预计8月整体流动性维持紧平衡态势

上周受跨月效应影响,资金面整体偏紧,市场情绪偏向谨慎。同时,国内经济韧性较强,6月工业企业利润增速回升。受此影响,现券收益率缓慢抬升,国债期货处于弱势振荡局面。

月初到期资金量大 流动性紧平衡

公开市场方面,上周共有5400亿元逆回购以及1385亿元MLF到期。央行为呵护资金面平稳当周共计进行了8200亿元的逆回购操作,因此央行总体释放流动性1415亿元。但受月末因素影响,市场流动性没有明显改善,上周回购利率维持高位,资金价格依然居高不下。其中,银行间存款类机构间隔夜利率稳步上升,隔夜与7天利率持续收窄。

展望8月,受到7月央行投放大量的逆回购资金对冲资金缺口,上半月央行资金到期量规模较大。这周到期资金共7500亿元,为年内第二高到期量。虽无MLF到期,但回笼压力依旧明显。本周一共计2000亿元到期,央行公开市场操作维持均衡,投放量完全对冲当日到期量,再度彰显了“削峰填谷”维稳流动性的意图。我们认为,受月初逆回购集中到期的影响,货币政策中性背景下,预计8月初的资金面料将难以重现7月初相宽松的市场环境,整体流动性维持紧平衡态势。

制造业放缓 基本面平稳

据国家统计局公布数据显示,中国7月官方制造业PMI为51.4,不及预期的51.5,较上月PMI数据的51.7相比有所回落。分项来看,7月制造业PMI数据的走低,主要在于生产和新订单指数的回落,这两者主要受到外需放缓影响。尽管官方制造业出现一定放缓,但从去年8月以来已经连续一年处于枯荣线上方,且近十个月未低于51.2,说明经济运行依然平稳。

另一方面,1—6月规模以上工业企业利润总额同比增长22%,较前值小幅放缓。其中,6月工业企业利润增长19.1%,连续两个月回升,表现较强。一方面,6月居民消费旺盛和出口持续改善。另一方面,以黑色和有色为代表的大宗商品价格稳中上升,推动钢铁、有色等中下游行业利润增长好转。分行业看,上游行业利润增速回归常态,中下游行业利润增速明显加快,总体收入和盈利改善。目前来看,6月经济超预期,经济韧性依旧较强,而7月经济数据整体处于平稳,中短期难现基本面下行对债市提供走强支撑。

北京时间上周四凌晨,美联储公布7月利率决议,维持1%—1.25%的联邦基金利率目标不变,符合市场预期。本次会议宣布“相对迅速地”启动缩表,暗示最早今年9月就将开启金融危机以来的首次缩表,进一步承认当前通胀下滑,但维持中期2%预期。由于最近公布的CPI仅有1.6%,市场对9月美联储加息预期减弱。我们认为,美元走弱,出口改善,人民币稳中有升,外汇储备连续五个月增加,外汇占款好转,这在一定程度上减缓了国内资本外流压力。

综上所述,央行呵护资金面平稳意图明显,人民币汇率走强,资本外流改善有助于流动性平稳。整体来看,货币政策维持平稳,基本面并未出现明显走弱,债市缺乏较大的上涨基础。

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