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连平:下半年货币政策已不宜进一步收紧
2017-07-25 18:36:52 中国经济网
交通银行首席经济学家连平24日发文指出,下半年货币政策稳健基调不应改变,但应以稳为纲,平衡兼顾好实体经济稳步增长、去杠杆协同推进和系统性金融风险总体可控三个目标。应当清醒地看到,当前的经济运行态势与稳健中性货币政策提出的2016年底有很大的不同。受房地产交易、价格和投资回落,融资成本上升和金融业增速放缓以及阶段性补库存走向尾声等因素的影响,下半年和明年的经济增长会有一定的下行压力。而此时企业和金融去杠杆已取得阶段性成效,系统性金融风险总体可控。此时货币政策的重心可能需要更加关注实体经济平稳增长方面。鉴于流动性明显收紧和货币市场利率明显上升,乃至于银行贷款利率亦已开始上升,货币政策已不宜进一步收紧。大力度地实施去杠杆和进一步收紧流动性会带来新的风险,未来仍应警惕“处置风险的风险”。在下半年经济存在下行压力的情况下,金融宏观调节有必要开展具有维稳性质的操作,实施积极及时地适度对冲,减缓融资成本上升对实体经济带来的压力,保障经济平稳运行。
由于流动性偏紧和货币市场利率上升,商业银行负债端成本大幅度增加。而中小金融机构由于表外和同业业务占比较大,负债端成本上升更为明显。自2014年四季度至2016年一季度,共六次降息已使商业银行净息差水平由2.70%大幅降至2.03%,下半年仍有进一步收窄的压力。商业银行一方面可以通过自身成本的调降来消化部分息差收窄,另一方面也必然会提高资产端的定价水平,从而带来企业融资成本的提高。迄今为止,融资成本尤其是中小企业融资成本高企仍是各方面十分关注的问题,下半年实体经济融资成本大幅上升显然是不可接受的。对于很可能出现的银行息差收窄导致贷款利率上升问题,货币当局如将存贷款基准利率上调,则必然助推融资成本上升,此举明显不可取。而银行间货币市场利率继续上升则会给金融机构负债端带来更大压力,其结果必然推动银行信贷定价进一步上升。因此下半年应在存贷款基准利率保持稳定的同时,促进市场流动性保持基本稳定,将货币市场利率水平控制在合理水平上,避免其进一步上升带来推高实体经济融资成本的效应。
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