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铁矿石下半年供给压力加大

2017-07-24 14:57:29   中国经济网

上半年期货市场黑色系表现活跃,铁矿石、螺纹钢成交和持仓均居前列;近一个月,铁矿石涨幅25%左右,螺纹钢涨幅一度超过20%。

日前,中金公司大宗商品研究员、副总经理马凯展望了下半年的黑色金属市场。他认为,铁矿石基本面改善不明显,下半年供给压力将更加凸显;钢材(3515, 9.00, 0.26%)库存维持低位,利润创新高促进生产。

铁矿石供给端压力依旧

在中投期货日前举办的“2017下半年投资机会”策略会上,马凯表示,近期铁矿石价格经历一波上涨,一方面源于铁矿石需求较好,另一方面,供给端边际收缩也是原因之一。

马凯称,通过调研了解到,国产矿降价出售意愿较低,使得许多钢厂购买海运市场上的高品矿和块矿来替代国产的铁精粉。目前钢厂进口铁矿石库存已经上升至26天,这导致高品矿和块矿溢价重新上升。

马凯认为,铁矿石供给端压力依旧较大,主流供应商新增供给如约而至,非主流供应商供给仍在增加。整体来看,处于成本曲线低端的主流矿山将继续放量,全年预计增产6500万吨。

基本面方面,马凯认为,铁矿石基本面改善不明显,下半年供给压力将更加凸显。截至6月,大部分主流供应商发运量达成率不足50%,下半年主流矿山的发货量将季节性增加,预计供给端的压力将会凸显。

钢材库存维持低位

钢材方面,马凯表示,钢材库存维持低位,利润新高促进生产,长板材价差开始修复。

行业实际生产经营中,吨钢利润居高不下,为了提高出钢量,钢厂在转炉中添加更多的废钢。

马凯介绍,转炉中添加废钢可以明显提高出钢量,最近几个月粗钢生铁比例一直在上升。1~4月转炉废钢消费量同比增长41%,电炉废钢消耗量同比增长49%。

据了解,由于转炉炼钢需要较高的铁水温度,废钢的加入会降低炼钢体系的温度,因此在转炉中添加的废钢比例具有技术上限,一般在5%~25%。现阶段钢厂转炉用废钢比例达13%~15%,并且主要以重中型废钢为主。

另一方面,今年以来,我国的钢材出口量下降十分明显,1~5月棒材出口数量同比下降高达63%,而线材(3301, 111.00, 3.48%)出口量同比下降33%。与此相对的是,1~5月份国内线材产量同比增长6%。

马凯表示,出口量下降的原因一方面在于全球贸易保护主义背景下,针对中国钢铁的反倾销调查明显增多;另一方面,国内钢材的价格维持高位使得国内市场吸引力变得更大。出口趋弱主要填补国内短缺,或将有助于缓解建材市场的紧平衡局面。

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