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金钱豹倒闭凸显预付卡监管难题 上海将立法监管预收资金

2017-07-17 18:42:27   检察日报

近期,北京、上海等地的消费者都在关注这样一条新闻:“金钱豹倒闭了!”金钱豹,是以“高端大气上档次”而出名的海鲜自助餐厅,继世贸天阶、王府井、中关村和亚运村四处门店停业之后,7月6日,金钱豹上海总部也已人去楼空。在这样的背景下,被拖欠货款的供应商以及持有金钱豹预付卡的消费者面临讨债无门的境况。

“金钱豹倒闭”只是冰山的一角,单用途预付卡跑路事件也绝非这一起。地方能否通过立法加强监管?如果可以,立法又将面临什么难题?这些难题应当如何妥善解决?

记者注意到,今年6月21日,上海市十四届人大常委会第38次会议听取和审议关于检查上海市贯彻实施《上海市消费者权益保护条例》情况的报告,并开展专题询问。上海市人大就在执法检查中发现,由于现有监管模式的局限,违规企业准入门槛和违法违规成本低,预付卡消费成为消费侵权多发领域。根据上海市单用途预付卡协会统计,截至2016年,该市发卡主体总数近10万家,但实际备案发卡企业仅375家,比例不足1%。

预付卡管理制度早该出台了

在专题询问会上,上海市人大常委会委员马新生提出,“按照上海市人大常委会法规配套文件的要求,法规实施之后最迟一年要出台配套制度,预付卡管理制度应该早就出台了。但是由于种种原因这项制度还是没有出来,原因在哪里?”

上海市工商局回应称,商务部门正组织专项排摸调查,指导成立预付卡行业协会,牵头开展《上海单用途预付卡管理条例》的立法调研工作,积极探索监管新路径,实行全行业监管覆盖。

上海有望立法监管预付卡

在此情况下,上海能否制定预付卡管理的地方性法规?上海市政府法制办副主任罗培新给出的答案是肯定的。罗培新说,首先,这属于地方立法权限范围。由于国家尚无专门的法律和行政法规,根据立法法规定,地方性法规可以根据本地方的具体情况和实际需要,先行作出规定。其次,《上海市消费者权益保护条例》规定,对发行单用途商业预付卡的,可以通过资金管理、信息披露等方式予以监管,具体管理办法由市人民政府另行制定。第三,这将是一部体现上海特大城市管理精细化、科学化、信息化、智能化的标杆式立法。地方出台预付卡管理条例,建立联网发行、资金存管、信用治理三大手段,再辅以协同监管、社会共治,将是以法治思维和技术方式,回应民生关切的一次有益尝试。

预收资金监管是核心

2011年5月,《国务院办公厅转发人民银行监察部等部门关于规范商业预付卡管理意见的通知》明确,“发卡人接受的、客户用于未来支付需要的预付资金,不属于发卡人的自有财产,发卡人不得挪用、挤占”。该规定虽只适用于多用途预付卡,但是罗培新认为其精神值得借鉴,立法对预收资金进行规制具有充分的正当性。事实上,在国内外所有关于预付卡管理的法律法规中,预收资金的监管均是核心重点。

国外立法对于预收资金的管理,有缴存发行保证金、设置信托专户、提供银行履约保证和同业互保等多种方式。商务部《管理办法》对于预收资金的管理则采取资金存管方式,同时规定可以用保证保险、银行保函等方式冲抵存管资金。罗培新说,条例拟对商务部规章中的资金存管和履约担保制度进行细化和改造,基本上遵循了资金存管为主、履约担保作为可替代选择方式的思路,避免地方立法设置强制担保,在保持与商务部规定相衔接的同时,增加了可操作性。谢文英

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