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无人驾驶汽车离上路还有多远? 法律伦理都是拦路虎

2017-07-13 18:27:15   北京晨报

图为2017年1月12日,美国拉斯维加斯,电动无人驾驶公交车“Arma”在街头进行测试行驶。

上周闹得沸沸扬扬的无人驾驶汽车上北京五环事件,再次将无人驾驶汽车拉入了公众的视野。和很多高科技的发展脚步一样,初期推动无人驾驶研究的是军事领域的专家们——美国军方在上世纪70年代开始关注无人驾驶技术。1995年,一辆由美国卡耐基梅隆大学研制的无人驾驶汽车Navlab-V,完成了横穿美国东西海岸的无人驾驶试验。

二十多年过去了,无人驾驶汽车又“开”到了哪一步?人们不禁发问,无人驾驶技术真的已经成熟到可以上路了吗?在全球范围内无人驾驶汽车上路又是否合法合规?摆在科学家面前的除了恶劣天气、法律法规、伦理道德……“拦路虎”里竟然还有一只袋鼠。

世界脚步

常规“器官”不在 方向盘刹车油门或将被取消

目前已经有十几家公司许下了豪言壮志,列出了自家无人驾驶汽车上路的时间表。

谷歌希望自家的无人驾驶汽车能在2020年量产,而且有别于其他制造商,谷歌不打算推出半自动的功能,而是准备一步到位,生产一款完全无人驾驶的汽车,甚至没有刹车和方向盘。谷歌拥有7年无人驾驶汽车的经验,并与菲亚特-克莱斯勒合作,在现实世界中测试无人驾驶小型货车。

福特也不甘落后,计划在2021年前推出并销售第4级别的无人驾驶汽车。与谷歌的无人驾驶汽车一样,福特也不准备为其汽车配备方向盘、刹车和油门。另外,福特将在未来5年投资10亿美元,用于人工智能软件的开发。

英特尔公司为无人驾驶汽车砸下了重金,一系列的收购可谓是集齐了无人驾驶界的“七龙珠”,收获了各种关键能力。包括以150亿美元收购了以色列科技公司“移动眼”、深度学习技术公司Nervana、微芯片制造商Movidius和汽车公司德尔福。另外,英特尔计划与宝马和大众携手合作,于今年晚些时候开始试验无人驾驶汽车。

图为2017年6月21日,美国密歇根大学内正在使用的电动无人驾驶公交车“Arma”。

“眼睛”可观六路 反馈物体距离阅读交通标志

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