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从四纵四横到八纵八横 中国高铁演绎速度与激情

2017-07-12 09:02:22   工人日报

7月9日,宝兰高铁开通运营。标志着我国《中长期铁路网规划》中“四纵四横”铁路网最后一个关键“短横”顺利开通。

至此,我国高铁里程已经超过2.2万公里,大大超越规划目标。

高铁发展演绎“中国速度”

2008年,国务院发布《中长期铁路网规划》,规划2020年形成“四纵四横”城际客运网,到2020年全国铁路营业里程达到12万公里以上,建设高铁1.6万公里以上。

如今,日均400万的旅客发送量,令高铁线路的需求量不断加大。

至2015年底,我国铁路营业里程达到12.1万公里,“四纵四横”客运专线网基本建成,高速铁路网营业里程达到1.9万公里,提前5年实现中长期铁路网2020年目标。

2015年国家启动了《中长期铁路网规划》修编,提出到2025年我国铁路网规模达到17.5万公里,其中高速铁路3.8万公里,在“四纵四横”高速铁路的基础上,形成“八纵八横”高速铁路主通道。

按照中长期铁路网规划,到2030年,全国铁路网运营里程将达到20万公里左右,其中高速铁路4.5万公里左右,全国铁路网将连接起20万人口以上的城市,高速铁路网基本连接起省会城市和其他50万人口以上大中城市,实现相邻大中城市之间1~4小时交通圈。

8年间,中国高铁的发展速度屡屡令世界惊艳。

2010年12月3日,在京沪高铁先导段,CRH380动车组在世界首创时速486.1公里最高运营试验速度;2016年7月15日,在郑徐高铁线上,中国标准动车组又创时速420公里交会速度,为世界最高纪录;2017年6月26日,由中国铁路总公司牵头组织研制、具有完全自主知识产权、达到世界先进水平的中国标准动车组“复兴号”,在京沪高铁上首发。

中国高铁技术领先世界

中国高速铁路网东西跨距5200公里,南北跨距5500公里,经过西北、西南高原气候、风沙及黄土地区,东北冻土地区,华北、华南、华中平原及丘陵山区,冻土、软土、岩溶、黄土、断裂、滑坡带地质条件复杂。

作为中国高速铁路事业的首批参与者,作为中国高铁四纵四横主骨架的骨干设计力量,自上世纪90年代起,中国铁道第四勘察设计院就结合工程实践,开展科研课题研究208项,累计投入1.7亿元,先后申报高铁专利300多项,主持或参与制订42项规范和标准。

铁四院设计建成了中国高铁的50%以上(高峰期达到70%以上),是世界上设计高速铁路里程最长、标准最高、经验最丰富的设计企业。包括世界上一次建成线路里程最长、标准最高的高速铁路——京沪高速铁路;世界上首条开通运营超千公里的高速铁路──武广高速铁路,见证了中国高铁的设计建设能力。

伴随着中国高铁的快速发展,中国的高铁技术也得到了飞跃。

广深港高铁狮子洋隧道是我国采用盾构法施工的首座水下铁路隧道,同时也是世界上行车速度目标值最高的水下隧道。先后攻克了“高水压、强渗透”地质条件下,掘进机水中带压更换刀具等多项世界性的技术难题。

郑武高铁线上的桥隧占比达78.43%,桥隧总长度占到线路全长的近八成。在线路上优先采用“裁弯取直”方案,使湖北境内高速铁路较现有的京广铁路缩短了64公里,“省”出3000多亩用地面积。

宁杭高铁轨道工程采用了自主创新、技术先进的CRTSII型板式无砟轨道,目前动车运行结果显示,轨道舒适性相当好。

合福高铁被称为中国最美高铁。区域内分布着歙县、绩溪、福州市等国家历史文化名城,以及“世界文化遗产和自然遗产”黄山和武夷山,并分布着19处国家、省级风景名胜区和扬子鳄等36处自然保护区。高铁开通运营后,大大增强了区域铁路运输能力,带动了沿线旅游资源开发。

从“四纵四横”到“八纵八横”,中国高铁演绎着速度与激情,实现了光荣与梦想。

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