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法律界人士:苹果任性抽成中国消费者可起诉维权

2017-07-05 10:24:19   法制日报

□ 本报记者 李豪

苹果开发者在其更新的《AppStore审核指南》中规定,在App应用内向原创作者打赏的,属于“应用内购买”,苹果公司将从中抽取30%的分成。

苹果公司此举引发的讨论一直未停歇。近日,中华全国律师协会和中国互联网协会组织召开“苹果公司App打赏抽成新规热点法律问题研讨会”,就打赏行为是否为应用内购买、苹果公司是否涉嫌垄断、消费者该如何维权等问题,与会专家学者和律师进行了激烈讨论。

“打赏”是否属应用内购买

据了解,在过去多年中,苹果公司一直在iOS系统中对发生在软件内部的交易提取三成收入,这被行业俗称为“苹果税”。然而,在中国等互联网市场,出现了一种特殊的用户回报作者的方式,即打赏。打赏是否为应用内购买,这一话题成为与会专家学者讨论的首要问题。

中国互联网协会法治工作委员会副秘书长、北京律师胡钢认为,中国式的网络打赏(tips)是网络用户在已完整接受感知相关信息内容后,为鼓励与嘉勉优质内容创作,自愿将自己的(通常小额)财产无偿给予应用开发者或其他内容提供者的行为。此行为在法律上属于赠与合同关系。

全国律协信息网络与高新技术专业委员会副主任、北京律师徐家力认为,苹果公司“打赏抽成”的规定是否属于“应用内购买”,应当具体问题具体分析。

徐家力认为,如果用户是基于对内容的欣赏而对作者进行打赏,用户打赏之前已经阅读完相应的文章内容,即先阅读而后赠与,并非付费购买内容,不存在“不付费就不能继续”阅读的情形。那么,这种情形应当属于赠与行为,不属于“应用内购买”。如果用户是以货币购买某些虚拟道具为前提,比如某些直播平台需先购买虚拟的“豪车”“首饰”等,才可用这些虚拟道具进行打赏,这就属于“不付费就不能继续”的情形。在此情形下,应认定苹果公司是基于自身惯有的商业模式为新用户施加老规范,属于正常的契约行为。

苹果新规属不正当竞争

全国律协信息网络与高新技术专业委员会副主任、北京律师陈际红说,根据2017年2月国际调研机构(IDC)市场数据显示,2016年苹果手机在中国的市场份额降至9.6%。显然,苹果公司并不具备反垄断法意义上的市场支配地位。不过,考虑到互联网产品的用户粘性,一旦一个群体选择iOS系统,其转换到Android系统具有一定的难度,可以认为苹果的iOS系统是一个特定的细分市场。

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