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新三板近七成企业存较大信用风险 6615家全年无交易

2017-07-04 10:44:48   经济参考报

6615家全年无交易 信用违规记录逐年上升

报告称新三板近七成企业存较大信用风险

7月3日,竞争力智库联合独立第三方机构中评信用管理公司和华科金控有限公司在北京发布万余家新三板挂牌公司成长指数报告和信用风险报告。上述报告内容显示,新三板在实现市场培育功能的同时,挂牌企业整体信用风险仍较为突出。

成长指数报告显示,新三板市场培育功能显现,多数企业实现规模升级。2016年挂牌企业实现营业收入1.74万亿元,实现净利润1160.66亿元,近两年营业收入、净利润年复合增长率分别达到了17.66%和26.79%。2016年底挂牌企业总资产和净资产分别为2.83万亿元和1.28万亿元,同比增长20.31%和25.50%。2016年净利润超过3000万元的挂牌企业总共有1098家,共实现营业收入7288.42亿元,净利润810.85亿元。此类企业近两年规模、收入和利润增幅均超过20%。

高成长也意味着高风险。信用风险报告则显示,新三板挂牌企业在经营规模、经营能力、盈利能力等指标上表现较好,现金流表现、发展能力与供应链地位指标表现较差,整体信用风险仍较为突出。可获取完整2016年年报披露信息的10577家挂牌企业中,信用风险较低的AAA级企业仅占1%左右,近7成企业存在较大程度的信用风险。从行业来看,制造业、信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业等行业信用风险相对较高。

从财务风险来看,截至2015年末,新三板挂牌企业中亏损企业占比为17.31%,截至2016年年末,新三板挂牌企业中亏损企业占比为20.34%。截至2015年年末,新三板全体挂牌企业营业收入和利润总额同比增长率分别为17.97%和41.94%,而到了2016年,这两个数字分别变成了17.75%和2.36%,利润总额增长率出现显著下降。

从企业股权流动性来看,新三板新增挂牌企业流动性显著下降。2016年新三板股票成交330.83亿股,成交金额1712.49亿元,分别是2015年的1.3倍和0.974倍。10577家企业中,有6615家企业2016年全年无交易,有6483家企业自挂牌起未发生任何交易。2015年年末,新三板5082家企业中有877家年均换手率大于1%,而2016年全部企业中只有1560家年均换手率大于1%。与此同时,新三板挂牌企业的信用违规记录也逐年上升,10577家企业中,自挂牌首日至今共有223家企业发生过违规,违规率为4.51%。其中,2014年、2015年和2016年违规次数分别为7次、43次和205次,呈现指数式上升的局面。

华科金控副总裁富剑萍表示,当前金融脱实向虚趋势,企业融资难、融资贵、融资慢的痼疾仍未消除,特别是以新三板为代表的中小企业投融资市场化、信用化、信息化壁垒依然存在。记者 吴黎华 北京报道

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