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中国能源需求已达峰值

2017-07-03 10:57:38   经济参考报

原标题:中国能源需求已达峰值

伴随着人口向城镇聚集和工业化进程的基本结束,中国能源需求的峰值已经到来。预计到2020年、2030年、2050年,中国能源需求总量将分别降至40亿吨、37.4亿吨、30亿吨标准煤。

这是日前在于北京举办的“第六届全球能源安全智库论坛”上,中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所“能源安全与新能源技术经济研究”创新工程研究项目组为论坛提供的主题报告《中国的能源革命——供给侧改革与结构优化,2017-2050》显示的内容。

报告指出,目前全国约70%的人口已经实际进入城镇及其周边地带,中国的城镇化进程已经完成。

“与之相应的,我国大规模城镇建设和基础设施建设也将完成,这将大大减少对高耗能的钢铁、有色、建材的需求,相关的交通能源需求也将达到峰值。”社科院数量经济与技术经济研究所所长李平表示。

这其中对能源需求影响较为显著的是房地产建设需求的降温。根据这份报告,从2006年到2015年,我国相当于为每一个城市人口建成了约50平方米的建筑。目前的房地产市场是靠少数人多占房、改善住房条件以及年轻人进入城市后的购房需求支撑的,从总量上说,总供给已经超过了总需求。

报告显示,目前我国70%的能源和电力需求来自工业,而钢铁、有色、建材三大行业的能源需求占工业需求的1/3,这三大行业需求下降,还会引起煤炭、电力等相关行业自身需求的下降,预计会带动1/3能源需求的下降。

报告认为,未来我国能源的需求增长点在于高端制造业和生活消费。但是高端制造业的能源需求远低于钢铁、有色金属、非金属(水泥、玻璃等)的生产过程的能源需求。随着能源需求的下降,能源将不再作为中国经济的瓶颈,而是能够在供给和需求之间实现平衡。正常的情况下,能源供给能力应略大于需求,从而实现有效保障。

(责编:孙博洋、乔雪峰)

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