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贵州“三变”改革:“盆景”蔚然成“风景”

2017-06-29 09:35:31   经济参考报

原标题:贵州“三变”改革:“盆景”蔚然成“风景”

6月,地处乌蒙山区的娘娘山绿意盎然。

一条条干净平整的公路、一栋栋绿荫掩映的村民“别墅”、一张张洋溢着幸福的笑脸……娘娘山下贵州省六盘水市普古乡舍烹村,这个曾是“贫困”代名词的村寨,如今处处散发着生机与活力。

“以前从没想过,我们的土地能入股,在村里还能当股东、当工人!”舍烹村村民刘美芬说,她和丈夫之前一直在浙江等地打工,老家的农业园区建成后,家里的10多亩山地全部流转,夫妻俩在园区上班,每年收入六七万元,比以前翻了一番,“而且不用天天担心老人和孩子了”。

如今,在舍烹村,像刘美芬一样,几乎90%的村民拥有“股东”和“工人”双重身份。而在5年前,舍烹村如同其他偏远贫困村一样——缺资金、缺技术、缺产业、缺致富门路,村级集体经济空心化。

“这一切都源于‘三变’改革。”娘娘山联村党委书记陶正学说,所谓“三变”就是“资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东”。

2012年5月,在外闯荡多年的陶正学返乡成立了普古银湖种植养殖农民专业合作社,按照“农户出资多少,合作社无息借资多少”的入股模式,发动465户村民筹集2000多万元资金入股。

此后,合作社逐渐发展猕猴桃、蓝莓、刺梨等2.18万亩,把昔日令人“望山兴叹”的荒山野岭变成了集生态农业、休闲观光为一体的高原湿地生态农业示范园。

长期以来,农村资源、资金分散,分户经营的“小生产”模式难以对接千变万化的“大市场”,成为制约农业农村发展的难题。这一难题,随着“三变”改革的推行迎刃而解。

陶正学分析说,土地入股后还是由农民种,合作社负责找市场,利润进行分成,农民的积极性被广泛调动起来,合作社也能发展壮大。

“绿水青山变成了金山银山。”陶正学说,通过综合利用,每亩耕地的产值由过去的300多元提高到上万元,园区的农民有固定工资收入、流转土地收入、按入股比例分红三项收入,全村农民人均可支配收入由2012年的不足4000元提高到2016年的1.22万元。

一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。如果说舍烹村巨变是“盆景”的话,欠发达、欠开发的乌蒙山区,需要更多由类似“盆景”组成的“风景”。为加快激发农村经济活力,2014年以来六盘水市持续探索推广“三变+特色农业”“三变+乡村旅游”“三变+易地搬迁”“三变+景区景点”10多种模式,让农民从资产资源中获得财产性收入,成为“股份农民”,在“耕者有其田”的基础上,实现“耕者有其股”。

据统计,目前,六盘水市“三变”改革已有49.32万农户成为股东,带动162.04万农民脱贫致富,农村正在朝着“户无闲人、地无闲土、树无闲果”的方向发展。

为加快盘活农村的资源资产,2016年贵州在全省21个县、140个乡镇、1015个行政村开展了“三变”改革试点,像舍烹村这样的村寨不断涌现。

遵义市务川县根据不同村的实际,分别推行“三变+仡佬文化旅游”“三变+山地特色产业”等改革模式,带动近6000名贫困群众参与;安顺市把“确权、赋权、易权”作为实现“三变”的基本路径,通过“三变”改革引领带动,2016年减少贫困人口8.63万人。

今年,“三变”改革已在贵州全省推广,各地农村正聚焦“股份农民”这个核心,围绕人、地、钱、农业经营主体、村级集体经济五个要素,激活农村自然资源、存量资产和人力资本,一幅幅“百姓富、生态美”的画卷正徐徐展开。

如今,无论是在乌蒙山区,还是在武陵山腹地、滇黔桂石漠化山区,“三变”改革变出了农民收益增加,变出了农业结构调整,变出了农村生产力解放,正在成为农村一道亮丽的风景线。

(责编:朱江、伍振国)

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