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今年有5地上调最低工资 数量与去年同期基本持平

2017-06-14 17:39:03   

进入6月,山东、青海等地相继上调最低工资标准。据《经济日报》记者不完全统计,今年以来,已有至少5个地区决定上调最低工资标准,上调地区数量与去年同期基本持平。

记者梳理发现,今年以来,已有上海、福建、山东、青海、深圳等5个地区宣布上调最低工资标准,其中上海、深圳月最低工资标准超过2000元。

以上海为例,从今年4月起,上海月最低工资标准从2190元调整到2300元,为全国最高。根据上海市相关规定,月最低工资标准不含劳动者个人依法缴纳的社会保险费和住房公积金。劳动者延长工作时间的加班费,中夜班津贴、夏季高温津贴及有毒有害等特殊工作环境下的岗位津贴,伙食补贴、上下班交通补贴、住房补贴也不作为月最低工资标准的组成部分,由用人单位另行支付。

在上海之后,深圳全日制就业劳动者月最低工资标准水平位居全国第二,为2130元。

随后,青海省决定,从2017年5月1日起对全省最低工资标准进行统一调整,在原有的基础上统一平均增加240元,达到每人每月1500元,增幅为19%。这是青海省自2014年后首次提高最低工资标准。

对职工来说,最低工资标准意味着维持基本生活和温饱的最低保障线,其意义在于保证每一名劳动者能够在正常劳动的前提下,获取一定额度以上的劳动工资。不过,也有观点认为,随着经济增速放缓,最低工资调整过快,可能会增加企业负担,甚至波及到就业。但目前从数据看,近几年最低工资的调整并未对我国就业总体状况产生明显不利影响。

去年8月,国务院印发《降低实体经济企业成本工作方案》,明确提出要完善最低工资调整机制,健全劳动力市场体系。统筹兼顾企业承受能力和保障劳动者最低劳动报酬权益,指导各地合理确定最低工资标准调整幅度和调整频率。这意味着,未来调整最低工资标准,需要综合考虑企业的承受能力,而不是一味追求快速增长。

相关数据印证了这一趋势。人力资源和社会保障部公布的数据显示,“十二五”期间,我国最低工资标准年均增幅达到13.1%。其中,2011年至2013年,每年全国都有20多个地区上调最低工资标准,2014年有19个地区调整,2015年更达到28个地区。不过,近两年来,最低工资标准调整趋于稳慎,2016年只有9个地区提高了最低工资标准。从增幅来看,随着经济增速放缓,近年来最低工资调整的幅度逐渐缩小。在已做出调整的地区中,2013年平均上调幅度为17%,2014年为14.2%,2016年则降至10.7%左右。

最低工资标准增幅放缓趋势会损害职工既得利益吗?如何在劳动者诉求与企业成本压力之间取得平衡?人社部劳动工资研究所此前在关于最低工资调整的课题报告中提出,“兜底线、可持续”应当是“十三五”最低工资的基本定位。

所谓“兜底线”,就是要满足低收入劳动者及其赡养人口的基本生活需要,这一水平至少要高于当地居民低保水平、高于当地享受失业保险金人员的生活水平。“可持续”,就是要引导各地在新常态下更加关注最低工资标准调整与人均GDP增长、与劳动生产率提高相协调,兼顾企业对人工成本提高的承受能力。

专家在接受记者采访时表示,受人工成本上涨较快等因素影响,现阶段合理调整最低工资标准,既不能给企业过大的压力,也要保证劳动者的基本生活水平,可以考虑通过减税降费等其他方式为企业降低成本。一方面,要提高企业的承受能力,让用工方有给劳动者稳步增长工资的空间;另一方面,也要引导劳动者对工资增长有正确、合理的心理预期。同时,人社部门应加大监督检查的力度,避免企业出现不按规定支付或变相降低加班工资等行为。(经济日报记者 韩秉志)

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