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中企海外并购热转冷 企业跨境收购额跌60%以上

2017-06-02 09:55:00   

中国企业海外并购经历前几年高歌猛进后,今年由热转冷。专家认为,出现这种情况,一方面是因为监管趋严,另一方面是由于企业在“交学费”之后,“走出去”时更加谨慎、理性。

普华永道发布的数据显示,2017年第一季度中国企业海外并购交易数量比2016年同期下滑39%,交易金额下降77%。彭博新闻社的数据显示,今年前4个月,中国企业跨境收购额跌60%以上,创下2009年全球金融危机过后最大同比跌幅。

回看2016年,中国海外并购一片火热。根据彭博社数据,当年中国海外并购交易增137%,在全球并购排行榜上跃居第二,仅次于美国。

中国国际经济交流中心经济研究部部长徐洪才表示,中企海外并购趋冷,是综合因素作用的结果。首先,2016年海外并购增长过快,将并购金额的基数提升了不少,因此,即便是今年并购金额下滑严重,但总数仍然不少。

其次,国家对大额资金流出以及央企境外投资均加强了管理。今年1月,国资委公布了《中央企业境外投资监督管理办法》,强调央企要防控海外投资风险。

第三,企业海外并购屡屡受阻,中国公司不得不反思并购效果。进入2017年,越来越多企业倾向于选择中小标的实施并购。

中欧国际工商学院金融系教授王丛表示,中企海外并购趋冷,其实客观上有利于企业将来以更加理性的态度开拓国际市场。

“企业需要冷静思考海外并购的动机和效果,考虑到并购面临的客观难题,以最有利的方式开拓国际市场。”王丛说。

王丛认为,中国企业近年海外并购进展并不顺利,通常遇到两类挑战——阻力多、溢价高。阻力包括外国政府阻挠、劳工压力、民族情绪高涨等。同时,中国买家扎堆“抢购”外国公司的情况时有发生,抬高了溢价。

王丛建议,面对各种阻碍,企业在选择投资标的时应该更加谨慎。

首先,寻求体量小的标的,不要动辄上百亿、上千亿美金。并购体量越大,整合风险越大、失败几率越高。

其次,与海外当地私募基金一起收购企业。这样,国内企业可以将自身利益与国外基金利益绑在一起。

第三,尝试非控制权转移的并购。目前,多数中国企业的海外并购是转移了企业控制权,也就是买下企业51%以上的股份。但据中欧国际工商学院统计,当企业寻求控制权时,付出的并购溢价每年平均至少是30%,最高时能达到60%;当企业收购份额少于50%时,平均溢价仅10%。

第四,雇佣熟悉当地企业的财务顾问。中国企业海外并购金额虽然巨大,却不愿意付一小部分钱去雇佣一个专业的财务顾问。实际上,如果雇佣了当地财务顾问,可以加深对法律、商业环境的了解,避免各种陷阱。

王丛还提醒,企业在实现全球化过程中,不要总是想着并购,可以尝试一些并购的替代形式,比如合营组建第三方公司、在当地设厂,有时能取得和并购同样的效果。

徐洪才表示,随着中国提出“一带一路”倡议,未来越来越多的企业将“走出去”,助力经济全球化发展,在这一过程中,海外并购的发生数量会稳步增长。

中国国际工商学院教授王高表示,中国企业“走出去”,对于全球市场来讲,是多方共赢的交易。未来,随着中国企业经验的累积,并购必将趋于理性,并且并购的核心能力也将从市场的全球化转向“市场+产品”的全球化,即不单纯瞄准现成的市场份额,而是真正利用海外资源打造具有国际竞争力的产品。

作者: 王晓洁

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