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银行借力大数据识别虚假贸易 业内:增强合规控制能力

2017-05-31 18:01:31   经济参考报

外汇管理部门为银行自主审核企业贸易背景真实性开辟了一条新渠道,与此同时,也为防范虚假贸易付汇筑起了一道新防线。《经济参考报》记者在采访中了解到,国家外汇管理局自今年5月起,已在全国范围内向商业银行开放报关电子信息,用于货物贸易外汇业务真实性审核。业内人士表示,此举大大增强了银行在进口付汇业务贸易背景真实性审核环节的合规控制能力,并将对企图利用单证重复购付汇、虚构贸易背景办理业务的不法企业起到警示、震慑和制止的作用。

记者从多家商业银行获悉,在外汇局9号文即《国家外汇管理局关于便利银行开展贸易单证审核有关工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》)下发后,银行已经开始利用外汇局“报关信息核验”这一模块对企业信息进行核验,在这个过程中,拦截了一部分可疑交易。中国银行贸易金融部姜煦副总经理表示,5月初模块正式运行的五个工作日内,该行贸易付汇报关核验的笔数约占同期贸易总付汇笔数的46%,并成功阻止一家企业企图重复使用报关单在银行多付汇9.4万美元;交通银行国际业务部介绍,5月1日至5月8日期间,交行全行办理货物贸易对外付汇报关核验合计1495笔,其中,成功拦截一笔1.5万美元的对外付汇,因核查发现客户的进口报关单已在其他银行办理过对外支付。工商银行相关人士也透露,在模块开放后,通过核验拦截了一笔电子报关单信息和企业自行打印报关单金额和币种不符的交易。

该“模块”实际上是用信息数据共享的方式解决了银行在贸易真实性背景审核中的一个难点。近年来,随着海关部门的通关作业无纸化改革逐步深化,报关单等纸质单据均已取消,以电子信息取而代之,通关效率得到提升。然而付汇银行对于企业自行打印的报关信息一直缺乏真实性核查的手段,曾有违规企业通过伪造、变造进口报关单据骗购汇或非法转移资金。

中信银行国际业务部总经理助理董振也表示,此前,商业银行仅能审核单据表面的真实性,从而导致银行在办理贸易融资时,无法根本性杜绝企业利用贸易单据进行虚假融资、重复融资的风险发生。

记者日前在采访中了解到,此前,由于缺乏查询真实性信息的渠道,银行在辨别这些伪造单据时存在一定困难,甚至有时候直到外汇管理部门在事后进行检查的时候才发现单据原来是假的。而此次外汇局新推出的“报关信息核验”功能为银行提供了新的贸易真实性信息验证渠道。银行在输入关键信息后即可查询对应报关单是否存在、报关单主体与业务办理主体是否一致、报关单是否已在同业办理过业务等情况。若发现企业未按规定提供报关信息、重复使用单证、使用虚假单证等情况的,银行应在系统中对企业加注标识,向全国各家银行公示。

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