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盈利模式不明朗,共享单车究竟靠什么赚钱?

2017-05-31 13:48:59   央广网

央广网北京5月30日消息(记者 吕红桥)目前,我国共享单车平台的数量已经超过30家。据不完全统计,共享单车领域的融资金额已达70亿人民币。疯狂涌入的资本背后,共享单车的盈利模式却一直不清晰。记者了解到,无论是分时租赁费用,还是押金,目前都难以覆盖共享单车的成本,要想盈利,平台还要做更多探索。

有些人认为,共享单车要赚钱其实并不难,仅仅靠用户骑行支付的分时租赁费就可以了。对此,财经评论员叶檀曾专门给行业领头羊摩拜单车算过账。

叶檀:假设规模一个城市是10万辆,固定成本也就是运营费用是5000万,这些都是假设的。整个车的成本如果是3000块钱,折旧一年是600块钱,车辆损耗10%就是300块,维修费、调度费1250元。我就给他们算了一下,盈亏平衡点是每辆车每天要让人家骑5次。

而根据摩拜披露的数据,他们每辆车的日均骑行次数要大于5次。而且,摩拜最近投入的单车成本只有几百块钱,这样看来,盈利应该不成问题。然而现实是,随着竞争的激烈,各个平台都在大力投放单车,导致密度成倍增加,成本上升的同时,日均骑行次数也明显下降,平台距离盈利也越来越远。

单靠租赁费不能盈利,那么再加上押金行不行呢?目前,国内共享单车累计投放已经超过1000万辆,注册用户超1亿人次,押金总额在百亿量级,这些钱拿去投资,也可能获得丰厚回报。不过各大平台基本都表示,押金现在是专款专用。

共享单车平台工作人员:我们的押金收入进来之后,我们是让微信和支付宝来托管,我们并没有拿去做其它的用途。

共享单车平台工作人员:我们点退款立刻到账,因为我们的押金是专款专用的,没有用来做其它方面的处理。

当然,押金的托管也有利息,但交通运输部不久前就共享单车发布的指导意见征求意见稿中,明确鼓励企业免押金租车,这意味着不收押金的模式更受肯定,平台打押金的主意恐怕会越来越难。

中国城市公共交通协会秘书长刘举认为,共享单车要想赚钱,不得不探索新的盈利模式。

刘举:商业模式目前来说,坦率地讲我个人还没看到。它目前依然处在一个利用风险投资,来进行大规模的用户圈占和品牌灌输的初级阶段。至于未来共享单车的盈利模式,单车实际上是一个流动的广告载体,通过数据采集可以捕捉到用户各种行为偏好、路径偏好,基于这些可以进行大数据业务的开发。

实际上,已经有平台开始挖掘数据的价值。不久前,某平台发布的新车就搭载了智能中控屏,通过入口导流,变身“流动广告牌”。虽然不少声音认为,这样做投入巨大,风险也很大,但平台负责人认为,这是未来方向。

共享单车平台负责人:我觉得共享单车更多的是一个线下城市生活的入口,也就是说它获得的是用户每天在产品上30-40分钟的时间。所以我们如何去影响用户,让用户享受更多的城市生活服务,这是我们在做的。

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