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能源领域成今年价改重头戏 多省份方案如期推进

2017-05-22 11:36:59   经济参考报

《经济参考报》记者了解到,北京、湖南、江苏、福建、辽宁、河北、内蒙古等省份价格机制改革实施意见落地一年来,各地价改如期稳步推进。根据上述省份明确的价改推进时间表,电价和天然气价格等能源领域的价格机制改革将是今年的重头戏。其中,省级电网输配电价首轮改革试点将全面完成。

根据地方版价改方案,各地今年的价改目标包括:深化天然气价格改革,全面推进农业水价综合改革,全面推开城市公立医院医药价格改革,深化道路客运、民航国内航线旅客票价改革等。

省级电网输配电价改革方面,近日召开的国务院常务会议作出了进一步部署,具体措施包括扩大发电企业和用户直接交易规模,以及调整电价结构,通过取消工业企业结构调整专项资金、降低重大水利工程建设基金和大中型水库移民后期扶持基金征收标准、适当降低脱硫脱硝电价等措施,减轻企业用电负担。

《经济参考报》记者从业内人士处获悉,第二批12个省级电网的输配电价已经公布了八个,剩下的四个也即将对外公布。剩余14个第三批改革试点则被要求于今年4月底前上报核价方案,确保在6月底前完成对输配电价的核定。

除了上半年要实现输配电价改革试点在省级电网全覆盖,今年还启动东北、西北、华中、华东等区域电网的输配电价核定,合理制定或调整跨区跨省线路的输电价格,促进跨省区电力交易的发展和西部可再生能源的消纳。

据悉,输配电价是电价形成机制的重点内容,过去的输配电价均由政府监管和统一定价,我国一直没能确立一套合理的输配电价核定机制,只是依赖省电网公司向电力用户售电收入与向发电公司买电费用的购销差价形成。电网的盈利模式主要是低买高卖吃差价,实体企业电费负担也因此居高不下。

恒丰银行研究院商业银行研究中心负责人吴琦告诉记者,一般来说,终端用户电压等级越低,供电成本越高。也就是说,居民的供电成本要高于工商业企业。而由于历史原因和地方因素,我国现行电价体系中存在较为严重的交叉补贴,这也是输配电价改革的重点领域和薄弱环节,导致我国各地区均存在工商业企业电价与居民电价不同程度的倒挂情况。以华中某省份为例,工商业企业的平均电价为0.98元/千瓦时,而居民的平均电价仅为0.58元/千瓦时。

2015年,输配电价改革正式拉开帷幕,第一个任务就是按照“准许成本加合理收益”方法核定独立、明晰的电网输配电价和准许总收入。多部门先后出台《输配电定价成本监审办法》《省级电网输配电价定价办法(试行)》等政策,初步建立起科学、规范、透明的电网输配电价监管框架体系,对电网企业的监管进入制度化监管的新阶段。同时,试点范围也在不断扩大。在深圳、蒙西等七地开展试点的基础上,2016年3月,北京、天津等12个省级电网和华北区域电网入围,原定2017年开展的14个省级电网输配电价改革也提前到2016年9月启动。

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