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七月起打击跨境逃税新规 非居民金融账户将受调查

2017-05-22 11:35:13   法制日报

原标题:七月起打击跨境逃税新规 非居民金融账户将受调查

从2017年7月1日起,我国境内金融机构将对存款账户、托管账户、投资机构的股权权益或债权权益以及具有现金价值的保险合同或年金合同开展尽职调查。这些账户不论金额大小,都应通过尽职调查识别账户持有人是否为非居民。这是国家税务总局、财政部与中国人民银行、银监会、证监会和保监会近日发布的《非居民金融账户涉税信息尽职调查管理办法》中明确规定的内容。

据国家税务总局介绍,受二十国集团(G20)委托,经济合作与发展组织于2014年7月发布金融账户涉税信息自动交换标准(以下简称“标准”),为各国加强国际税收合作、打击跨境逃避税提供了强有力的信息工具。根据“标准”开展金融账户涉税信息自动交换最终为各国(地区)进行跨境税源监管提供信息支持。

据了解,《管理办法》对社会公众影响较小,主要对在金融机构开立新账户的部分个人和机构有一定影响。从2017年7月1日起,个人和机构在金融机构新开立账户,包括在商业银行开立存款账户、在保险公司购买商业保险,需按照金融机构要求在开户申请书或额外的声明文件里声明其税收居民身份。对于2017年7月1日之前已经开立的账户,金融机构根据留存资料确认账户持有人的税收居民身份,极少数不能确认的需要个人和机构配合提供材料。

《管理办法》主要对在中国境内开立账户的非居民或者有非居民控制人的消极非金融机构影响较大。这里所称非居民,是指中国税收居民以外的个人和企业(包括其他组织),但不包括政府机构、国际组织、中央银行、金融机构或者在所在地政府认可和监管的证券市场上市交易的公司及其关联机构。消极非金融机构是指,如果一家非金融机构取得的大部分收入是股息、利息、租金、特许权使用费等消极经营活动收入,则该机构属于消极非金融机构,例如设立在某避税地、仅持有子公司股权的中间控股公司。由于消极非金融机构容易被当作跨境逃避税的工具,金融机构需要识别出这些机构及其背后的实际控制人。如果消极非金融机构的控制人是非居民,金融机构则需要收集并报送控制人相关信息。

根据规定,账户持有人为中国税收居民个人的,金融机构不会收集和报送相关账户信息,也不会交换给其他国家(地区)。账户持有人同时构成中国税收居民和其他国家(地区)税收居民的,其中国境内的账户信息将会交换给相应税收居民国(地区)的税务当局,其境外的账户信息交换给国家税务总局。

《管理办法》明确,金融机构应对客户信息严格保密,因此金融机构收集和报送非居民账户信息,不会造成客户信息泄露。此外,金融账户涉税信息自动交换是各国(地区)之间加强跨境税源管理的一种手段,不会增加纳税人本应履行的纳税义务。

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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