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IPO加速壳资源不再稀缺 自行车生产搭上“共享”便车
2017-05-12 18:28:25 经济参考报
IPO加速壳资源不再稀缺完善退市机制驱劣质公司
据报道,伴随IPO提速和并购重组审核趋严,二级市场“壳”生态发生剧变,从“一壳难买”变为“一壳难卖”。多位私募人士透露,目前“壳”买卖基本陷入停滞。监管加强后,不少囤“壳”大户急欲出清。但IPO提速和极低的借“壳”上市成功率令买方对“壳”的兴趣降至冰点,供需不平衡导致“壳”市场由“卖方市场”转为“买方市场”。业内人士表示,当前借“壳”成本较去年下跌了30%至40%,去年借“壳”成本高的能超过百亿元,现在最高也不过60亿元。业内人士称,近期前来咨询的借“壳”方寥寥无几。一位私募机构负责人表示,最近两个月只接到一个前来咨询“壳”交易的券商朋友电话。
本来,“壳”就是一个空架子,甚至是一个负债累累的负担,但是在中国资本市场,这个空架子被炒成了几亿、几十亿甚至更高的价格。原因很简单,因为上市公司是极度缺乏的稀缺资源,每个做企业的人都把能上市当作最宏伟的目标。为什么想上市?冠冕堂皇的理由可以说一堆,但其实对某些企业来说最重要的理由只有一个:中国资本市场太容易圈钱了;首发圈一大笔,各种名目的再融资还能三番五次地赚得钵满盆满。另一方面,上市的法律风险又低得很,多数违法违规行为只不过谴责几声,罚款几十万了事。这种买卖谁不愿意干?而IPO名额少、排队时间长,于是乎“壳”成了香饽饽。现在,“壳”资源遇冷,这对中国资本市场来说,是大好事。更重要的是让“壳”失去生存的土壤。IPO加快是应该的,退市机制则更要强调,淘汰劣质公司的步伐急需加快。每年进入和退出的企业数量应大致相当,才能实现“户枢不蠹,流水不腐”——这也是发达资本市场上市企业数量大致持平的基本原因。
股权之争背后还是人之争重组成败最终看企业效益
万科长达两年的控制权争斗,为中国资本市场的公司治理,提供了一个广泛而深刻的教材范例,时至今日剧情仍未谢幕。这一起源于险资举牌、华润态度暧昧的股权事件,背后是支撑了万科32年独特的现代化企业制度——央企华润贵为第一大股东甘当财务投资者,并不遗余力地支持万科,管理层成为公司的实际控制者。也正是这个延续了32年的万科模式,让万科迅速成长为全球最大的住宅开发商,成为中国首屈一指的地产品牌。然而,极为戏剧性的是,这一模式在资本追逐,尤以险资杠杆举牌面前受到空前挑战。以创始人身份做职业经理人的万科董事局主席王石,显得狼狈不堪,两次险些被踢出局。所幸,随着华润退、深铁进,万科股东格局按照管理层预定的目标初定,但仍留下宝能入股、华润退出的待解之谜。不过,当前万科超期服役的董事会备受关注和诟病,无论万科愿不愿意,其当前的变局都如箭在弦上。而变局后的万科,如何保持股权多元分散又能形成良好稳健的公司治理结构?如何延续几十年来经得起分析的持续盈利能力?而作为万科灵魂人物的王石,在接下来的董事会重组期间将何去何从?
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