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C919的自主创新到底体现在哪里?

2017-05-09 16:54:43   

认为C919仅仅是“造了个壳子”的观点,是一种误解。实际上,即使是波音空客,也不是自己生产所有零部件的。全球采购,是航空制造业的通用做法;自主设计能力,是重要的核心技术。C919首飞成功,是我国商用大飞机走向成功的一小步,更是我国工业现代化进程中的一大步。随着我国商用大飞机逐步走向成熟,中国整体工业制造水平也将随之掀开新的一页

5月5日14时许,中国自主研制C919大型客机在上海浦东机场腾空而起,圆满完成了首次试飞。这意味着中国成为继美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国之后,第五个可以自行生产大型客机的国家。如今的世界干线民机市场由美国波音和欧洲空客两家平分,中国C系列客机怀抱三足鼎立的雄心,走出了“三分天下”的第一步。

国产大飞机上天,大多数人欢欣鼓舞。但也有一些人认为,C919客机的许多零部件都是“外包”的,供应商来自世界各国,中国“只是造了个壳”。

实际上,即使是波音空客,也不是自己生产所有零部件的。全球采购,是航空制造业的通用做法;把所有零部件整合在一起,才是重要的核心技术。比如,空客公司有1500多家供应商,分布在27个国家,有30%的部件是在美国制造的;波音也有60%以上的零部件转包给其他供应商,35%在日本制造,中国企业参与制造了8000架左右波音飞机。

即便C919的引擎和驾驶舱等一些系统部件是从国外进口的,但建造一架大型民航客机并不是某些人以为的那么简单,不是把零部件拼在一起就能上天了。

那么,C919的自主创新到底体现在哪里?

C919的自主创新首先体现在总体方案自主设计,没有任何外国企业涉足;还体现在气动设计自主完成,自行组织计算机模拟和风洞试验,从机体试验到制造全部自主完成。

此外,C919飞机设计研制中还有多项重大技术突破,如超临界机翼、新材料应用等。单是超临界机翼的设计,就绘制了2000多份图纸后,才确定了最终方案。

所以,说中国主要是给C919“造了个壳子”,这是一种误解。总体集成正是大飞机制造的核心技术之一,集成技术的突破体现了中国航空制造业的巨大进步。就连波音民用飞机集团副总裁都曾经开玩笑说:“如果人们都可以把买来的零部件组装并让它飞起来,全球就不会只有两家大飞机制造商了。”通过C919的设计研制,我国掌握了民机产业5大类、20个专业、6000多项民用飞机技术,带动新技术、新材料、新工艺群体性突破,进而也将带动我国整个工业产业链的发展和进步。

C919起飞了,但毕竟这只是首飞,离完成全部定型任务乃至交付航线这方面,确实还有很长的路要走。波音和空中客车这两家老牌民航企业也都是花了数十年的时间,才在民航大型客机领域奠定了领头羊的地位。

不过,C919毕竟成功迈出了第一步。目前,C919客机已获得国内外23家客户570架订单,市场的认可就是对C919客机的最佳肯定。进一步说,C919首飞成功是我国商用大飞机走向成功的一小步,更是我国工业现代化进程中的一大步。随着我国商用大飞机逐步走向成熟,我国整体工业制造业水平也将随之掀开新的一页。(本文来源:经济日报 作者:李治国)

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