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门槛提高流动性下降 新规之后分级基金迎严峻考验

2017-05-05 11:36:42   经济参考报

“五一”之后,分级基金新规正式执行,随着“证券类市值30万元、营业部面签”等限制门槛的提高,分级产品的流动性和规模均同步下降,大量产品面临转型为普通指数基金或者清盘的命运。不过业内人士认为,新规有利于分级基金回归策略工具属性,部分产品还将存在套利机会,食品、医药等行业分级基金具备一定配置机会。

分级基金“玩家”门槛提高

沪深交易所在去年11月发布的《分级基金业务管理指引》正式落地生效。根据新规,5月1日起,分级基金B份额买入和基金份额分拆须满足以下条件:前20个交易日日均证券类资产合计不低于30万元,且投资者需要到开户的证券营业部签署《分级基金投资风险揭示书》。

分级基金是指通过基金合同约定的风险收益分配方式,将基金份额分为预期风险收益不同的A、B子份额。分级A可视其为一种债券类的固定收益产品,与投资者约定收益。分级B则带有杠杆,适合风险偏好高的投资者。通俗理解即B份额投资者向A份额投资者借钱炒股,支付一定的利息(约定收益),B份额投资者获取剩余收益,取得杠杆效应。不过在股市行情波动较大时,分级基金助长助跌的杠杆效应遭人诟病,令不少缺乏投资经验的“小散”损失惨重。

大成基金表示,长期来看,门槛的提高会使得分级基金的投资者更加大客户化、机构化,这样一来也会促进分级基金发展的规范化。

上海证券基金评价研究中心分析师李颖认为,加强分级投资者准入,对未来分级基金发展有好处。首先,分级基金衍生品性质与投资者风险承担能力终于得到一定的匹配,未来分级基金的错误定价、错误解读、非正常波动概率或将应投资者的逐渐规范化而得到降低。其次,分级基金市场的规范化或将有利于恢复分级基金更新迭代的正常秩序。只有市场更规范后,才有可能逐步放开审批,增加海外市场、商品投资分级等丰富市场工具,而分级基金将被推向更为专业化的市场,工具型的发展方向更为明确。

统计数据显示,新规实行后,分级基金的成交量下滑明显。来自集思录网站的数据显示,5月3日,分级B总成交额为8.43亿元,而在新规首日,分级B的总成交额为9.35亿元。这一成交量几乎是分级新规实施前的一半,4月28日,分级B的总成交额还有17.68亿元。分级A方面,3日总成交额为7.97亿元,相比5月2日的总成交额9.64亿元进一步下降。

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(责编:王子侯、杨曦)

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