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跨部门监管构筑地方债防火墙 有地方存违规举债行为

2017-05-05 11:36:02   

当前我国地方债务低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控,但一些地方政府违法违规举债担保仍时有发生。近日多部委联合发文加强地方政府债务管理,显示出国家着力通过跨部门合作监管,严堵地方违法违规举债“后门”,防范化解财政金融风险——

近日,财政部、发展改革委、司法部、人民银行、银监会和证监会印发《关于进一步规范地方政府举债融资行为的通知》(以下简称《通知》),明确地方政府举债融资的政策边界和负面清单,制止违法违规举债担保行为。

多部委联合发文加强地方政府债务管理之举尚属首次,显示出国家着力通过跨部门合作监管,严堵地方违法违规举债“后门”,防范化解财政金融风险。5月4日,记者采访了财政部有关负责人和专家学者。

违法举债积累风险

“2014年修订的新预算法和《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》实施以来,地方各级政府加快建立规范的举债融资机制,防范化解财政金融风险,取得明显成效。”财政部有关负责人说。

截至2016年末,我国地方政府债务15.32万亿元,地方政府债务率(债务余额/综合财力)为80.5%。加上纳入预算管理的中央政府债务12.01万亿元,两项合计,我国政府债务27.33万亿元。按照国家统计局公布的GDP初步核算数74.41万亿元计算,我国政府债务的负债率(债务余额/GDP)为36.7%,低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控。

但与此同时,一些地方政府违法违规举债担保仍时有发生,部分金融机构对企业提供融资时仍要求地方政府提供担保承诺,部分政府和社会资本合作(PPP)项目、政府投资基金等存在不规范现象。这些行为扰乱了市场秩序,积聚了财政金融风险。

这位负责人表示,《通知》严格依据现有法律法规和制度规定,坚持问题导向,着力支持构建化解当前各类潜在风险的“防火墙”。

《通知》要求,各省级政府要抓紧设立政府性债务管理领导小组,尽快组织一次地方政府及其部门融资担保行为摸底排查,全面改正地方政府不规范的融资担保行为,于2017年7月31日前清理整改到位,对逾期不改正或改正不到位的相关部门、市县政府,应当提请省级政府依法依规追究相关责任人的责任。

“近年来,我国加强地方政府债务管理顶层设计,覆盖限额管理、预算管理、风险评估和预警、风险事件应急处置等各个环节,实现‘借、用、还’相统一,形成良性发展机制。”中央财经大学中国公共财政与政策研究院院长乔宝云表示,六部委联合规范地方政府举债融资行为,明确一系列严格措施,有利于防范化解当前潜在风险,牢牢守住不发生区域性系统性风险底线。

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