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共享单车押金监管+3年报废 或重伤摩拜资金链

2017-05-04 17:36:56   华龙网

该来的总是会来。自4月21日至5月1日,北京市与杭州市相继出台共享单车管理意见稿。一石激起千层浪,尽管只是征求意见稿,但是其中的具体条款对于共享单车企业准入标准、管理规范、监管措施、对承租人责任等都做出了明确的指导规定,面对这份指导意见的详细条款,估计各家共享单车企业也是有喜有忧,五味杂陈。

纵观两地意见稿,结合目前各家共享单车的实际情况来看,多数要求都是可以满足的,比如需要正规注册、积极维护投放车辆、加强信息平台建设、接受政府监督、积极处理用户投诉等。但是有几项特别条款要求,对某些共享单车企业可能就会带来较严重影响了。其中有两条规定格外值得关注,一个针对押金账户的监管,另一个则是共享车辆3年强制报废。

押金问题一直是广大用户关注的焦点,尤其是近期摩拜单车因押金问题饱受质疑以来,这个问题更是甚嚣尘上。摩拜曾公开表示单车保有量达300万台,仅单车成本一项即达54亿元,远远高于其截至日前的约30亿元总融资额,巨大的资金缺口难免会让人质疑其将押金挪用造车。

对于用户押金问题,北京指导意见明确指示,要保障承租人资金安全。收取押金的,企业须在本市开立资金专用账户;公示押金退还时限,及时退还承租人资金;中国人民银行营业管理部加强对企业资金专用账户管理,防控承租人资金风险。可见,根据该条款,共享单车企业自行选定押金托管银行还不够,还必须要接受央行的监管,以确保用户押金安全,杜绝挪作他用。那么,在央行托管专业资金账户之后,相信摩拜单车是否涉嫌押金造车一事终将会水落石出。

此外,两地的指导意见还有一项特别的要求,尤其是杭州市意见稿明确指出,投放的车辆至多使用三年,必须被强制更新,这无疑如同一记闷棍。众所周知,摩拜单车造价很高,单车成本加智能锁成本保守估计价值2500元,而摩拜原计划一辆单车在不损坏的情况下可以使用4-5年。也就是说每辆车的盈利周期是4-5年。若三年强制报废,营收周期缩短30%以上,也就意味着成本支出陡然增加30%以上,这必然会极大影响摩拜的资金流。试想,即便摩拜能度过眼前的资金紧张局面,那么三年后摩拜首批投放车辆全部报废,接下来是否还有足够的底气来造下一批车呢?

反观ofo,却不用为三年报废问题担心。一是小黄车几乎与家庭自行车相仿,因此造车成本较低,每辆车仅为几百元,骑行三年早已回收造车成本,营收预期可控,资金流也会非常充裕。此外,ofo已经与全球最大的自行车制造商富士达签署战略合作,每年将获得富士达超过1000万的单车产能,相当于全球1/8的单车产能。在三年报废期后,ofo也可以依靠强大产能快速补充投放车辆。

显然,从三年报废这条指导意见来看,势必会加重摩拜单车的压力。或许指导意见有两重考虑:一是要确保车况健康,以保障承租人的骑行安全;二是不太主张近乎奢侈的花费高成本造车,只要能满足大众的骑行需求就好,否则也是一种不必要的资源浪费。更何况,很多时候一辆2000多元的高价单车骑行轻便度并不如一辆几百元的单车。华龙网综合

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