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迟福林:以服务贸易为重点推进二次开放

2017-04-28 15:31:16   经济参考报

当前,经济全球化到了一个新的十字路口。从短期看,自由贸易和经济全球化进程将经历一个重大调整,但从中长期看,自由贸易大趋势难以逆转。适应经济全球化的新变局,推进以货物贸易为主的“一次开放”转向以服务贸易为重点的“二次开放”,不仅将为我国经济转型与结构性改革注入强大动力,而且将对全球自由贸易和经济全球化带来重要影响,使我国由经济全球化的重要参与者转变为主要引领者。

首先,应尽快形成以服务贸易为重点的开放新格局。服务业市场开放是服务贸易发展的基础。2015年,我国服务贸易占比低于全球平均水平8个百分点左右,比发达国家低10个百分点以上。其重要原因在于,我国服务业市场开放严重滞后。建议尽快形成国家层面服务业市场双向开放的行动计划,加快服务贸易与服务业市场开放的融合:第一,拓宽社会资本投资空间,有效激发市场活力,扩大服务型消费的有效供给;第二,有效对接国际国内市场,拉动外来投资,做强服务业这个经济增长的“第一引擎”;第三,促进“一带一路”自由贸易区网络建设,推动双边、多边投资贸易谈判进程。以中国-欧盟自贸区为例,如果双方能在服务贸易上达成共识,就有可能把目前正在进行的中欧投资协定谈判与服务贸易谈判相结合,实质性推进中欧自贸区进程。

其次,应以服务贸易为重点,推进国内自贸区转型。这几年,国内自贸区以负面清单为重点的改革取得重要进展。目前,负面清单仍有122项,其中80余项针对服务贸易。要适应经济全球化新变局,就应该把服务贸易开放先行先试作为国内自贸区建设的重要目标。建议尽快研究推出相关的行动方案,推进自贸区以服务贸易为重点的开放转型进程。当务之急是大幅缩减负面清单,争取到2020年把自贸区服务贸易负面清单压缩到40项以内。

再次,应加快推进产业项下的自由贸易进程。从不同区域的特定优势出发,支持具备条件的地区率先实行旅游、健康、医疗、文化、职业教育等产业项下的自由贸易政策,走出一条开放转型的新路子,为全国范围内的全面推开积累经验。比如,海南可以探索健康医疗、旅游、职业教育项下的自由贸易。如果产业项下的自由贸易政策能尽快在一些地区落地,其影响和带动效应将是相当可观的。

最后,应全面推进粤港澳服务贸易一体化。这不仅对粤港澳区域经济一体化,而且对促进和服务“一国两制”将产生重要影响。当前,重要的是在管住货物贸易的同时,全面放开人文交流,尤其是鼓励并支持粤港澳三地青年,积极开展多种形式的沟通、对话、交流。从这几年地方推进的情况看,粤港澳服务贸易一体化涉及多方面的协调,仅靠三地自身力量难以取得突破。这就需要在中央层面,尽快制定出台粤港澳服务贸易一体化的总体方案,加大顶层设计与顶层推动。同时在比较成熟的旅游、文化等领域,赋予广东更大的开放管理权限。

总之,在经济全球化与国内经济转型历史交汇的大背景下,加快推进以服务贸易为重点的开放转型,形成自由贸易的制度安排,不仅可以牵动转型和改革全局,甚至将推进新一轮全球自由贸易进程。

迟福林

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