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能源投融资体制改革路线图出炉 将建三大清单制度

2017-04-27 10:54:58   经济参考报

能源投融资体制改革路线图出炉

上半年建立“三大清单”制度

经历数月征求意见后,能源投融资体制改革路线图终于出炉。《经济参考报》记者了解到,近日国家能源局印发《关于深化能源行业投融资体制改革的实施意见》(下称《意见》),首要任务就是充分激发社会资本参与能源投资的动力和活力,明确今年上半年内要建立能源投资项目管理负面清单制度、权力清单制度和责任清单制度。

今年以来,能源领域投资出现增速放缓的趋势。国家统计局数据显示,今年一季度在全国固定资产投资总体增长9.2%的情况下,电力、热力领域的投资增速出现了1.7%的下降,其中民间投资同比增长略超11%,较去年全年的增速降低了7个百分点。煤炭开采和洗选业的民间投资则同比下降24%,降幅比去年同期扩大了4个百分点,投资总额降至144亿元。

“能源领域投融资的问题,首先与当前的宏观形势和行业产能过剩有关。其次,能源属于资金密集型行业,而且技术门槛高,民营企业一般实力比较弱,进入风险大。此外,在当前的能源体制机制和价格机制下,民营企业要和国有企业在一个平台上竞争,赚钱很难。”厦门大学中国能源政策研究院院长林伯强在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时坦言。

为此,《意见》的首条就是充分激发社会资本参与能源投资的动力和活力,确定能源企业投资主体地位,在增量配网、规划内风电、背压式热电联产、燃气分布式发电等项目先行先试企业投资项目承诺制。

同时提出,实行能源投资项目管理负面清单制度,进一步取消下放能源投资项目核准权限,《政府核准的投资项目目录》外的项目,一律实行备案制。

第二大清单制度是能源投资项目管理权力清单制度,要求能源项目核准机关制定本级投资项目管理权力清单,国家能源局要抓紧制定并试行《国家能源局权力和责任清单》,要坚持投资审批权限下放层级与承接能力匹配,对涉及本地区重大规划布局、重要能源资源开发配置项目,原则上不下放到地市级政府,一律不得下放到县级及以下政府核准。

此外,还需建立能源投资项目管理责任清单制度。能源项目核准机关要厘清职权所对应的责任事项,明确责任主体,健全问责机制。按照任务分工和进度安排,这三大清单制度要在今年6月底前完成。

“要充分激发社会资本参与能源投资的动力和活力,首先要有一些特殊的政策,建立公平竞争的平台,清单制度是很有好处的。”林伯强认为,甚至在有些方面要向民企倾斜。

在林伯强看来,更重要的是要进行体制机制、混合所有制等配套改革,这样才能吸引民企参与。《意见》提出,要加快能源体制改革,落实电力体制改革措施,深化石油天然气体制改革,推进电力市场建设、售电侧改革、油气行业上游勘探开发领域改革等试点工作,有序放开油气勘探、开采、市场准入,完善油气进出口管理体制、完善油气加工环节准入和淘汰机制,推动油气管网基础设施公平开放。推动能源价格改革,完善油气产品定价机制,有序放开上网电价和公益性以外的销售电价。积极鼓励国有能源企业开展混合所有制改革,推动体制机制创新,为社会资本在能源领域开展投融资活动创造有利条件。记者 王璐

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