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十四部门“穿透式”监管非法集资 消除监管真空

2017-04-26 10:16:45   经济参考报

去年新发案件超5000起,金额超2500亿

十四部门“穿透式”监管非法集资

25日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、教育部、工信部、公安部、住建部、农业部、人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会等14部门,召开处置非法集资部际联席会议。据联席会议办公室统计,2016年我国非法集资案件数量和涉案金额近年来首次出现“双降”,前两年案件集中爆发、急剧攀升的势头已经有所遏制。不过,非法集资形势依然复杂严峻,案件总量仍处于历史高位。对此,十四部门应联合对非法集资进行全链条、“穿透式”的综合治理,消除监管真空。

据联席会议办公室主任杨玉柱介绍,2016年全国新发非法集资案件5197起、涉案金额2511亿元,同比分别下降14.48%、0.11%。非法集资早发现早处置的良好局面正逐步形成,守住了不发生系统性风险的底线。不过,他表示,目前非法集资形势依然严峻,大案要案频发,新发案件不断积压,化解处置压力较大。

当前我国非法集资呈现出很多新特点。一方面非法集资区域性风险集中,2016年,发案数量前十位省份合计新发案件3562起、涉案金额1887亿元,分别占全国新发案件总数、总金额的69%、75%。

另一方面,非法集资犯罪手法不断翻新,犯罪分子打着“经济新业态”、“金融创新”等幌子,从商品营销、资源开发、种植养殖等“实体经济”方向,向理财、众筹、期货、虚拟货币等“资本运作”方向转变。“目前很多诈骗机构噱头新颖,充满迷惑性,普通投资者很难辨别。比如针对老年人的养老投资、针对大众的非法保险集资等新型犯罪层出不穷。一些线下非法集资平台,在披上互联网、高科技的外衣后,加速扩张传染,防范打击难度进一步加大。”投哪网CEO吴显勇告诉记者。

除此之外,非法集资“下乡进村”趋势明显,一些地方的农民合作社打着合作金融旗号,突破“社员制”、“封闭性”原则,超范围对外吸收资金,有的合作社甚至公开设立银行式营业网点、大厅或营业柜台,欺骗误导农村群众。

针对以上非法集资呈现的新特点,联席会议要求2017年把防控金融风险放到更加重要的位置。尤其是针对重点行业,“主管监管部门应做到‘管规则、管准入、管行为、管指导’,对非法机构、非法业务要注重分工配合,实现‘穿透式’监管,消除监管真空。”杨玉柱说。

“要实现处置非法集资的‘穿透式’监管,需改进和完善两个方面的机制。一是要进一步完善部门联动机制,金融监管部门与公检法等部门应加强协调配合,打出处置非法集资的‘组合拳’;二是要建立分级处置机制,中央部委和地方政府应上下联动,形成合力。” 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼告诉《经济参考报》记者。

“另外,由于非法集资问题牵扯面广、问题多,因此14个部门要落实穿透式监管,还应做到明确责任归属、建立健全监管制度,有序有力整治化解非法集资带来的风险。”人人聚财创始人许建文认为,在有效减少存量风险的基础上,监管部门还要同时注意控制增量风险。

此次联席会议还提出建立行业黑名单制度,配合发改委将涉及非法集资人员纳入金融失信人黑名单,对非法集资犯罪分子实行联合信用惩戒。对此,开鑫金服总经理周治翰表示:“如果能够及时完成这类制度性基础设施建设,将有效提高打击非法集资犯罪的效率和威慑力。”

除了多部门联合监管、建立黑名单制度等措施之外,处置非法集资离不开法律法规的支持。此前联席会议研究起草的《处置非法集资条例》,赋予地方人民政府对非法集资活动的行政查处权力,解决地方人民政府有责无权、依据不足、手段缺乏等突出问题,实现对非法集资全链条、“穿透式”综合治理。记者 刘丽

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