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评论:高铁转型发展不妨从盒饭开始

2017-04-25 16:22:56   法制日报

高铁完全可以真正从市场出发,做大“过路经济”,通过提供更多物美价廉的服务,来刺激和扩大旅客的“高铁消费”

□ 毛建国

高铁盒饭价格过高问题,近年来已成为社会热点话题。高铁盒饭价格缘何居高不下呢?究竟是盒饭企业垄断化经营,还是盒饭的成本高?在从事多年快餐餐饮人士的帮助下,媒体调查发现,按照高铁出售的快餐份额比例,20元的包子套餐,成本在6元左右;45元的杏鲍菇炒牛肉饭,成本最高16元;而15元套餐的成本仅为5至7元(4月24日《华商报》)。

高铁盒饭成本是不是媒体所说那样,可能还有不同算法,但有一点确凿无疑,那就是高铁盒饭走的是“高价路线”。这几年高铁的发展还是有目共睹的,但因为盒饭而影响其形象并屡屡受到公众质疑,这真是一件十分遗憾的事。有一种观点认为,高铁也有成本,不能只讲公益性,也要遵循市场规律,也要追求经济效益。其实,正是从市场的角度审视,公众这才对高铁盒饭倍感失望。

公众关注高铁盒饭,并非一概否认高铁的发展成就。谁也不能否认,高铁的发展,极大地方便了公众出行,在促进经济社会发展上,高铁是有功劳的。但功归功,过归过,功过不能相抵,大功也不能掩饰小过。需要正视的是,高铁在很多方面还存在问题,高铁盒饭就是其中一个代表,盒饭俨然成了这几年高铁的“槽点”。解决好这个“槽点”,会让高铁得到更多的认可,也会让高铁获得更大的发展。

应该承认,高铁背负着巨大的成本,也有着盈利的需求。但在发展模式上,最怕“双重人格”,最怕市场观念“半拉子”,不彻底不到位。在市场上,实行“高价路线”有着很多成功先例,但其有适用条件。如果我们仅把目光停留在铁路身上,铁路无疑具有垄断属性,但放眼于更大的市场,铁路与其他运输方式其实也存在竞争关系。有人分析,在出行上,短途往往是公路的天下,长途又有航空,铁路取的是中间这一段。对于旅客来说,高铁盒饭并非“皇帝女儿”,更不是“刚需”,坐高铁并不一定非要吃盒饭。

由此带来一个直接问题,那就是坐高铁时,旅客其实有着相当大的选择权。如果是刚需,真正垄断,那么高铁把盒饭价格定得高一点,自然赚得盆满钵满。但旅客可以自带干粮,也可以到站吃饭,高铁盒饭价格高了,就会面临市场流失的风险。现在,高铁把盒饭价格定得高高的,算小账,一盒饭赚得不少;算大账,其实赚得并不多,或者说,相对于庞大的旅客量,利润还有很大的提升空间。想抓住这一块儿市场,只能靠“提质降价”。市场巨大,就看高铁怎么做。

思路一变天地宽,思路落后是最大的落后。让人遗憾的是,目前的高铁就像现在的景区一样,还有着传统的路径依赖,在很多方面还能看到绿皮车时代的遗存。高铁盒饭正是路径依赖的一个代表,体现的还只是赚传统模式的钱、用传统方式赚钱。在高价盒饭上,路径依赖可见一斑。对于铁路部门来说,不能身子进入高铁时代,而大脑还停留在绿皮车时代——这其实对转型发展提出了迫切要求。

现在的市场是“流量为王”,人气往往代表财气。随着我国交通基础设施建设的大规模完工,高铁客流一直保持高位增长,海量的人气完全可以转化为财气,就看高铁如何转变思路。高铁完全可以真正从市场出发,做大“过路经济”,通过提供更多物美价廉的服务,来刺激和扩大旅客的“高铁消费”。倘若能这样,高铁赚的就不仅仅是车票钱,也不仅仅是盒饭钱,而是游进了一片广阔蓝海。

高铁的未来在转型,“高铁盒饭”体现着路径依赖。高铁不妨从盒饭开始,从公众吐槽声中找空间,真正迈开转型发展的腿。

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