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年关将至 这些事关钱袋子的问题你都弄清楚了吗?

2016-12-27 11:07:55   

快过年了,关于“十三薪”的话题也日渐热起来。到底什么是“十三薪”?和“年终奖”有啥区别?大家都能拿到吗?还有哪些关于钱袋子的事需要关注?

“十三薪”和年终奖是一回事儿吗?

“十三薪”即第十三个月工资,也称“年底双薪”,是指单位按照规定程序向个人多发放一个月工资。

上世纪八十年代,外资企业在工资分配上拥有更多的自主权,政策允许这些企业可以不比照国有企业发放各类餐补、交通补贴等等,以年终加发一个月工资来代替。从这个意义上来说,十三薪更多体现了各类补贴的综合发放。

现在随着国家对企业工资分配的改革,一些内资企业也借鉴了十三薪的办法。从这个意义上来说,很多企业的十三薪具有一定的年终奖励性质。

年终奖是指行政机关、企事业单位等扣缴义务人根据其全年经济效益和对雇员全年工作业绩的综合考核情况,向雇员发放的一次性奖金。

两者区别在于,“十三薪”更能体现激励的公平性;年终奖更能体现绩效考核的结果。

“十三薪”和年终奖一样多吗?

在无具体规定的情况下,两者在计算基数上略有区别:年终奖在计算数额上,带有一定的不确定性。

而对于“十三薪”的计算基数来说,如果用人单位有明确规定,则按照规定执行;如果用人单位没有明确规定,司法实践中倾向于按照劳动者当年平均工资作为计算基数;对于年中解除劳动合同而应当支付十三薪的,司法实践中倾向于按照解除前劳动者12个月平均工资作为十三薪的计算基数。

“十三薪”怎么发?

与年终奖一样,法律法规没有对用人单位发放“十三薪”作出具体的规定,它属于企业自主管理的范畴,公司可以根据自身情况来考虑是否发放以及如何发放。

企业如果没有明文规定,此前也没有惯例,劳动者就不能强求单位必须发年底双薪。而第十三个月工资的标准是基本工资还是全额工资或者还是奖金,完全要根据企业与员工的约定,或者企业薪酬福利政策的规定来确定。

因此,关于“十三薪”的发放,不同企业有不同的规定。有的企业在《员工手册》中规定:农历年底,公司将发给员工一个月的工资额作为奖金,奖金按比例计算,发给当年加入公司并于12月31日前通过试用期的员工。出勤率不良、表现不好或者有违纪行为的员工不能获得此奖金。

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