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万亿元债转股缓释杠杆压力

2016-12-21 16:23:04   

中央经济工作会议日前在北京举行,会议总结了2016年经济工作,阐明经济工作指导思想,部署了2017年的经济工作。根据中央经济工作会议精神,2017年经济工作的重点在于推动产业兼并重组降低企业部门杠杆率,维持社会总体杠杆率基本不变。

明年要继续深化供给侧结构性改革,深入推进“三去一降一补”,去杠杆方面,会议指出将降低企业杠杆率、总杠杆率控制和市场化债转股。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下,把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。要支持企业市场化、法治化债转股,加大股权融资力度,加强企业自身债务杠杆约束等,降低企业杠杆率。

自2016年10月10日,国务院发布了《关于积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率的意见》,以及相关附件《关于市场化银行债权转股权的指导意见》,债转股的推进力度不断加快,多例债转股项目陆续披露。11月22日,农业银行发布公告,拟成立专门债转股的农银资管公司。

信达证券分析师谷永涛表示,对于银行而言,债转股是降低不良贷款率的有力手段,同时也担任着为经济降杠杆的重任。银行有望通过债转股,增加股权投资经营,为转型铺路。银行具备规模优势,具备更高的容错率,对于选股标的而言,在监管层提出的白名单之内,应该更加考虑企业和行业的周期性。从盈利角度来看,最好的标的是处于周期性低点的企业和行业,具备“暂时困难,未来光明”特征更具转股意愿。行业的龙头企业更具备穿越行业周期能力,也是较为适合的转股标的。

信达证券研究报告指出,本轮债转股不仅限于不良资产,潜在不良和正常类贷款也有望进行转股,预计规模能达到5000亿左右,总体而言,预计本轮债转股的规模有望达到10000亿元。

有关专家在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,与上一轮债转股相比,本轮债转股政府不兜底。未来监管层会在政策层面上给予较大的支持,例如税费减免等,以激发银行和实施机构债转股的热情。同时,监管层有望通过政策实施,鼓励和引导社会资金参与债转股项目。此外,债转股对监管也提出了新的要求。市场化债转股将在摸索中前进,在前期的发展过程中,可能会出现一些特定的风险。在业务开发前期或难以发现,但随着业务的发展和规模的增大,风险出现的可能性逐渐增加,对监管提出了新要求。

“值得注意的是,本轮债转股实现完全市场化操作,未来政策走向、经济趋势以及社会资金反应情况,都会影响未来债转股的规模。如果前期项目实施进度取得较好成果,不排除债转股的延续时间加长、处理规模增大。”谷永涛表示。

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