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强化专员办监督职能 助力地方债风险管控

2016-12-20 18:11:17   

原标题:强化专员办监督职能 助力地方债风险管控

为进一步管控地方政府债务风险、牢牢守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线,继国务院办公厅上月发布《地方政府性债务风险应急处置预案》后,财政部日前又印发《财政部驻各地财政监察专员办事处实施地方政府债务监督暂行办法》,以期借助监督消弭隐患。

专员办监督什么?如何监督?有何意义?财政部有关负责人和权威专家19日回答了新华社记者提问。

围绕两大方面 建立常态化监督机制

财政部数据显示,截至2015年末,我国地方政府债务为16万亿元,债务率89.2%,低于国际通行的警戒线。但必须看到,部分地区存在地方政府债务管理责任落实不力、违法违规融资担保现象时有发生、一些政府和社会资本合作项目不规范等问题。

对此,暂行办法规定,专员办将围绕地方政府债务管理和违法违规融资担保行为两大方面,综合运用调研、核查、检查等手段,建立常态化监督机制。

监督对象方面,暂行办法明确规定,必要时可延伸至相关政府部门、事业单位、融资平台公司、金融机构等单位,以防范地方政府通过企事业单位违法违规融资。

同时,暂行办法要求专员办重点加强对政府债务高风险地区的监督,定期评估风险。

中央财经大学中国公共财政与政策研究院院长乔宝云认为,如果说国办上月发布的应急处置预案是为了解决债务“还不了”怎么办的问题,那么财政部的暂行办法就是为了“更好地避免出现债务还不了的情况”。

全链条监督 防范财政运行风险

细读暂行办法不难发现,从债务预算管理到风险应急处置,再到地方政府和融资平台公司融资等,财政部对专员办监督内容均作出详细规定:

——地方政府债务预算管理和风险应急处置方面,暂行办法明确了五大监督重点,即限额管理监督、预算编制监督、预算调整监督、预算执行监督、风险化解和应急处置监督。

——地方政府融资行为方面,暂行办法列出三大监督重点,即政府举债方式监督、政府担保行为监督和政府股权投资行为监督,以督促地方政府严格依法举借政府债务,加强政府资产管理,避免地方政府股权投资中出现“明股暗债”、利益输送问题。

——融资平台公司行为方面,暂行办法列出四大监督重点,即地方政府对融资平台公司注资行为监督、融资平台公司融资决策监督、融资平台公司抵质押融资监督、地方政府向融资平台公司提供担保行为监督。

乔宝云认为,加强对地方政府和融资平台公司融资行为的监督,不仅可以降低债务和金融风险,还可以使资金得到更有效利用。

不缺位、不越位,助管理责任落实到位

监督权力法定,监督事项法定。财政部有关负责人介绍,出台暂行办法,授权专员办实施监督,中心目的是督促地方政府严格落实管理责任,真正把党中央、国务院决策部署落实到位。

根据暂行办法,收到财政部、审计署等部门关于地方政府违法违规举债担保的线索后,专员办应于5个工作日内启动核查或检查工作。

查实地方政府违法违规问题后,专员办应依据相关法律法规和国家财政管理有关规定作出处理;其中属于依法应当追究有关政府及部门、单位人员责任的,专员办应依法提出处理意见报财政部,实现“发现一起、查处一起、问责一起”。

“强化专员办的监督职能,实际上是强化财政部的内部监管职能。”乔宝云说,“这对于提前防范可能出现的地方债务风险,有相当积极的作用。”(记者刘红霞、韩洁、申铖)

(责编:张文婷、李海霞)

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