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古代民窑瓷器精品 在文物总店展出
2017-09-22 15:37:13 中国青年网
羊城晚报记者 朱绍杰
由广州市文物总店举办的“曜目琼霞——古代民窑瓷器精品展”将于9月22日至10月8日在总店二楼藏珍厅举行。展览将展示70余件中国古代民窑瓷器精品,年代跨度从隋代到民国时期,囊括青瓷、磁州窑、龙泉窑、吉州窑和明清景德镇民窑各类品种。
民窑,顾名思义,即民间瓷窑,相对于官窑而言,是非官方经营,以商品性生产烧制的瓷窑。民窑生产的瓷器为满足国内、国外市场的普遍需要,多为日用瓷和陈设瓷,生产和销售的地区都非常广泛。看中国古代陶瓷,我们往往关注宋代官窑、永宣青花、成化斗彩、清代珐琅彩等名品和官窑,然而瓷器中最常见的,是磁州花瓷、定窑白瓷、景德镇民窑等各地各类瓷器,它们多数是生活用品,与我们历史长河中普通人的衣食住行息息相关,是中华文明发展的见证和缩影。
在本次展出的磁州窑创。烧于北宋中期,窑址在今河北邯郸市磁县观台镇、彭城镇一带,是宋代北方最大的民窑体系,其首创的“白地黑花”装饰风格风靡一时,开创瓷器绘画装饰的新风格。其绘画题材不拘一格,大部分来源于民间生活,取材于自然界的动植物和人物故事,亲切生动。磁州窑还采用题写诗文作为装饰,其奔放自由的艺术风格给同时期其它地区的民窑烧制和后世的瓷器烧制很多启发,影响深远。
在艺术上,民窑瓷器的装饰题材活泼新颖,自由奔放,创作了很多纯朴、生活气息浓郁的作品,有很高的艺术水平。民窑瓷器的装饰创作也善于吸收接纳其它艺术品类如杂剧、版画、文人绘画等的内容,并形成一些大家喜闻乐见的题材,“松竹梅”即是从文人绘画中采纳而来,广泛应用在瓷器装饰上,经久不衰。
“松竹梅”三种植物在严寒的气候环境中倔强成长的特性,代表了文人士大夫正直不屈服的精神品格,自宋代以来的数百年间,一直是文人画中的最具有代表意义的题材。同时它们也被称为“岁寒三友”,作为庆祝新年的题材,出现在后世的绘画和瓷器装饰中,特别在清代,在瓷器装饰中较为多见。
图2 关山月 水果之乡
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