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光明时评:外卖环境成本如何控制
2017-09-20 09:27:16 中国青年网
原标题:外卖环境成本如何控制
近日,《半月谈》杂志以《外卖井喷!天量“用塑”考问“限塑”》为题,报道了在上海、广东、吉林等地的调研。调研显示,已施行9年的“限塑令”效果堪忧。目前市场上餐盒材质主要为PP5(聚丙烯),这类材料虽然无毒害、耐高温,但其不可降解的特点引出了垃圾处理难题。
任何一种生产消费行为都难免产生副产品和“环境成本”。关键是这种“成本”能否被有效控制,能否实现生活便利与环境保护的良性平衡。若仅以“环保”之名彻底否认某一消费行为乃至一个行业存在的必要性,无疑是矫枉过正。
目前,外卖餐盒存在的主要问题是回收难和后续处理难。如何从公共角度实现餐盒从使用到回收,到最终处理的循环?餐盒使用缺乏具体标准,是当前最大的制度漏洞。那么,是不是出台一纸规定,要求所有外卖餐饮都使用可降解的餐盒?显然没那么简单。
可降解餐盒价格较高,若要求统一使用,首先涉及成本分担。对此,不妨引入平衡机制,比如对使用可降解餐盒的商家提供适当补助,用回收环节省下的成本补贴前期使用环节的投入。
另一方面,使用可降解餐盒并不意味着无须分类回收。而这恰恰是目前最薄弱的环节。综合考量,欧洲国家通过政府采取强制性政策,对可再生资源回收处理进行补贴的方式,应该是眼下最值得借鉴的。
考虑到外卖餐盒垃圾相对更容易分辨、分类,可考虑设立专门的外卖垃圾回收系统。这个系统可由政府、外卖平台、餐饮店、订餐者共同参与。比如,外卖垃圾回收利润较低,市场积极性不足,政府部门有必要对市场进行引导,提供相应的补贴;对于在家订餐或者具备盛装外卖食物条件的订餐者,外卖平台可通过设立价格协调机制,倡导订餐者使用非一次性餐盒送餐;在外卖使用量大的区域,可尝试设置专门的外卖垃圾回收点,便于后期专门回收。
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