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财政存款减少 央行时隔五月再次被动“缩表”

2017-09-20 09:27:01   央广网

国际投资者的目光,正聚焦于本周举行的美联储政策会议。这个会议结束后,美联储很可能正式宣布收缩资产负债表。

但是,此“缩表”绝非美联储的主动“缩表”。观察人民银行的资产负债表结构,8月“缩表”主要是财政存款减少后央行的一个被动行为,并不意味着收紧银根,对货币政策走向的指导意义有限。现阶段,在稳健中性货币政策的大背景下,相关人士对于央行下一阶段的工具使用、操作节奏、微调手段仍存分歧。

缩表绝不意味着紧缩银根

8月我国央行资产负债表“缩表”3466亿元。其中,“政府存款”这一科目减少了5323亿元。

这与先前市场热议的3月“缩表”情况类似。3月份财政支出加快,央行资产负债表中的政府存款减少7936亿元,比上年同期多减6000亿元左右。

“财政支出后会转化为银行体系的流动性,反映为央行资产负债表上政府存款下降、超额备付金上升,虽然静态看并不改变央行资产负债表的规模而仅影响其结构,但动态看,由于央行会相应减少流动性投放,表现为其他存款性公司债权的减少,由此也会产生‘缩表’效应。”央行在一季度的货币政策执行报告中这样解释。

确实,8月的央行资产负债表中,“对其他存款性公司债权”科目相应减少5208亿元。这一科目,主要由央行逆回购、MLF、PSL等工具形成。

由此可以看出,8月央行资产负债规模的变化,主要与财政存款的变动有关,不能将这一“缩表”视作货币政策取向的变化。相反,在“缩表”的背景下,8月我国储备货币还增长了2795亿元。

中国人民银行参事、中欧陆家嘴国际金融研究院常务副院长盛松成告诉上证报记者,与美联储“缩表”不同,我国央行的“缩表”是被动的。刨除外汇占款、季节性因素外,负债端的政府存款占比较高,且我国的政府存款波动较大,这是影响央行资产负债表规模变动的因素之一。

盛松成说:“我国央行资产负债表规模的变化是政策工具组合共同作用的结果,‘缩表’与紧缩并不是同一回事。”

货币政策工具使用有分歧

人民银行的“缩表”与货币政策走向不存在必然关系。央行行长助理刘国强近日强调,必须要坚持稳健中性的货币政策,使杠杆率有序降下来,这是服务实体经济最重要的环节。

如何把握“稳健中性”这四个字背后的预调微调?近期,随着人民币汇率逐渐走稳,呈现弹性特征,市场有一种声音指出,需要降低准备金率。

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