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杨秋宝:精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚的突出成就和重大意义

2017-09-19 20:37:01   中国青年网

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视继续推进扶贫开发。把精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚放到治国理政的重要位置,纳入“四个全面”战略布局,作为全面建成小康社会重要要求,提升到贯彻落实五大发展理念的高度,作出了一系列决策部署。党的十八大以来,中国的扶贫开发推进到一个新的战略进程,精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚取得世人瞩目的显著成就。

一是农村贫困人口大幅减少。 按照2010年调整以后的农村贫困标准,2013年至2016年我国农村贫困人口由9899万人减少至4335万人,年均减少1391万人,每年减贫幅度都在1000万人以上。农村贫困发生率由10.2%下降至4.5%,年均下降1.4个百分点。

二是贫困地区经济发展速度明显加快,发展后劲不断增强。 在近年来的扶贫开发中,贫困地区的“双增”达到“双高”,即贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入增长幅度和人均地区生产总值增长幅度,都高于全国平均增长水平。贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入连续保持两位数增长,年均实际增长10.7%。同时,贫困地区特色产业发展不断加快,特色农牧业、资源精深加工业、特色旅游业等不断壮大,对于促进贫困人口脱贫致富发挥着越来越重要的作用。

三是贫困地区基础设施建设加快,生产生活条件明显改善。 贫困地区的交通、电力、水利、通讯等基础设施建设取得长足进展。贫困地区93.5%的乡镇、70.8%建制村实现了公路畅通。贫困农村无电人口用电问题得到全面解决,饮水安全状况大为改善,上千万贫困户的危房得到改造,电话通达所有行政村和90%以上的自然村。

四是贫困地区各项社会事业较快发展,公共服务水平不断提高。 贫困地区义务教育办学条件明显改善,农村义务教育学生营养改善计划、中等职业教育学生免学费、寄宿生补助生活费政策对集中连片特困地区学生实现全覆盖。职业教育和成人教育发展迅速,有效地提高了劳动者素质。一大批农业实用技术在贫困地区得以推广,农民科学种田的水平明显提高。贫困地区人民群众的文化生活得到改善,精神面貌发生了很大变化。贫困地区农村医疗卫生服务体系逐步健全,新农合参保率达到98%以上,贫困人口看病难、看病贵的问题得到一定程度的缓解。农村低保和基本养老保险覆盖全部贫困地区,保障水平不断提高。全面实施贫困人口免费就业服务,贫困地区就业服务的能力明显提高。

十八大以来精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚的重大成就,展现了中国特色社会主义特有的优越性,谱写出中国扶贫开发最为灿烂辉煌的伟大篇章。这不仅创造了中国历史上的奇迹,而且也创造了世界历史上的奇迹;不仅具有重要的制度政治意义,而且对于发展中国家的反贫困行动以及整个人类的生存与发展也都具有深远的影响。中国是世界上人口最多的国家,在一定的历史时期也是世界上贫困人口规模较大的国家。而如今,中国已成为对世界减贫作出最大贡献的国家。通过精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚,实现农村贫困人口脱贫,中国必将对整个人类社会反贫困作出更大贡献。(作者杨秋宝,中共中央党校教授)

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