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话说新农村:脱贫攻坚要防两个“陷阱”

2017-09-17 08:06:39   新华网

贫困群众坐等帮扶、缺乏内生动力的情况,是一种“福利陷阱”现象。由于种种原因,脱贫后返贫,是一种“返贫陷阱”。两个“陷阱”都要防。

最近和基层扶贫干部聊天,得知现在基层有个新动向:贫困户享受的政策红利越来越多,有的贫困户干脆“坐在墙根晒太阳,等着别人送小康”,非贫困户心里越来越不平衡,两个群体之间的关系出现了不和谐的苗头。对于下一步扶贫工作,特别是对如期脱贫摘帽问题不大的贫困村和贫困户,是要继续加力攻坚,还是“适可而止”,基层干部思想不统一。

专家提出,在脱贫攻坚中出现的贫困群众坐等帮扶,缺乏内生动力的情况,是种“福利陷阱”现象。笔者认为由此带来的社会矛盾新挑战,需要引起高度重视。

中央多次强调,贫困地区要以脱贫攻坚统领全局工作,对于贫困户要加大扶持,但不能吊高胃口。然而,一些地方过多强调了扶贫资源瞄准扶贫对象,而对激发贫困户内生动力、发挥他们的主体作用重视不够。工作方法上,更多采取给钱给物这种简单的方式,以奖代补、以工代赈等能有效调动扶贫对象积极性的工作方法,反而弃之不用。有的贫困地区统筹工作做得不够好,主攻贫困村、贫困户,对非贫困村的贫困户帮扶不够,对非贫困户的民生关切回应不够,引发了不同群体之间一定程度上的关系不和谐。

对此,需要有针对性地调整工作方法,学会弹钢琴,教育引导非贫困户不患红眼病、好生活主要靠自己创的同时,更好统筹扶贫与发展、贫困户与非贫困户的关系。扶贫工作要改进帮扶方式,更好调动贫困户的积极性主动性,更好激发他们摆脱贫困的干劲和决心,从而实现更稳定、更高质量的脱贫。

需要引起注意的是,当前正处于脱贫攻坚战的关键时期,“福利陷阱”不能成为这个时候脱贫攻坚“适可而止”的理由。近些年,大量贫困人口脱贫的同时返贫不少,其中一个重要原因,就是很多扶贫对象脱贫基础脆弱、脱贫质量不高,稍遇家庭成员生病上学、农产品价格波动等变故,就重新返贫。因此,脱贫攻坚既要跳离“福利陷阱”,更要跳离“返贫陷阱”。

跳离“返贫陷阱”,扶贫要提高质量。当前,不能因为非贫困户对扶贫政策的“眼红”,转而把扶贫资源匀出一块用来“贴补”非贫困户,而应在积极回应非贫困户合理关切的同时,按照既定的精准扶贫精准脱贫方略,以钉钉子精神确保贫困短板补长、补实、补得高质量。脱贫摘帽后还要留出缓冲期,帮扶政策不变、力度不减,让贫困户稳定脱贫、减少返贫。还要特别注重培养贫困户的发展能力,激发贫困群众的内生动力,这样扶贫才算扶到根上,脱贫才能稳定可持续。否则,一味简单输血“拖贫”,扶贫就只能是治标不治本,帮扶效果很难持久。

跳离“返贫陷阱”,扶贫要有更多“长补”思维。决战贫困,不少地方只盯着2020年前脱贫摘帽这个短线目标,不少扶贫举措只顾“短脱”不管“长脱”。实际上,“短脱”只是全面建成小康社会的底线目标,实现这个短线目标后,好多现在的贫困地区、贫困人口还是发展短板。因此,我们的扶贫举措要长短结合,有更多“长补”思维。比如,产业扶贫既要有短平快的增收项目,也要有见效慢但效益稳的中长线项目;扶贫工作既要聚焦提高贫困户收入等短线目标,又要着力提高贫困户长期发展能力。

总之,无论是跳离“福利陷阱”,还是跳离“返贫陷阱”,都要求我们提高脱贫攻坚工作的质量,本着对人民负责、对历史负责的态度,高质量地打赢这场摆脱绝对贫困的伟大决战。

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