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阅读可以治愈灵魂的疾病吗?

2017-09-18 08:37:39   中国青年网

《小小巴黎书店》

妮娜·乔治 著 淩微 译

中信出版社

◎思 郁(书评人)

去年,世纪文景出版过一本书叫《小说药丸》。这本书有意思的地方在于,两位作者自封为书目治疗师,梳理了两千年的文学史,整理了数千本名著,把它们看作是治疗身体和精神疾病的一剂良方。无论病症大小,他们都开出药方:小说一本,按时服用。这些“药”有些可以药到病除,有些只有安慰效果,大部分药方都能起到缓解症状的疗效。

无独有偶,把书籍当作治疗药方的书籍并不少见。刚刚读了一本小说叫《小小巴黎书店》,作者妮娜·乔治是专栏作家出身,看得出也是一位资深文艺青年。小说的主线是一名书商,年轻时候错过自己的爱情,年老之后,循着年轻时候的回忆去寻找自己失踪多年的爱人。这个轻逸的爱情故事本身并无多大的亮点,读多了还觉得累赘,但这本小说对主人公的设定很有意思。刚刚还说,主人公是一位书商,叫让·佩尔杜,他拥有一艘大船,平时停泊在塞纳河上,船上有一个厨房、两个铺位、一个洗手间,最重要的是还有八千本书。他将这艘船命名为“水上文学药房”,自称是一名文学药剂师。他想治疗那些不被人认为是病痛,但也永远不会被医生诊断出的困扰。比如一个夏天接近尾声时袭来的感觉;或者你领悟到时日无多,却还没有寻找到心灵的归属;又或是你发现一段友情并不如你所想,你不得不继续寻找新的伴侣时,那种淡淡的忧伤;还有生日早晨的忧郁、对童年时光的怀念,诸如此类。

在让·佩尔杜看来,书籍是灵魂中那些数不清道不明的苦难的唯一解药。

话虽如此,但作为一名文学药剂师,他如何才能判断来选书的读者得了什么疾病呢?佩尔杜有一种天赋,他只要跟登船选书的读者谈过一次话,就能辨别每一个灵魂中的缺失。他能从一个人的体态、动作和手势中多多少少辨别出什么在烦扰和压迫着病人。这种对阅读的第六感让他从大多数人的伪装下面看到和听到所有他们“担忧的、梦想的和缺失的东西”。

在小说一开始,有位女士读者选中了一本畅销书——《夜晚》,作者叫马克斯·佐丹,也是小说中的主要人物。但佩尔杜偏偏拒绝把这本书卖给这位女士,怨怼几句之后,推荐给她一本《刺猬的优雅》。他对她这样解释说:“你需要有一间自己的房间,不要太亮,有只小猫陪着你,还有这本书,请慢慢读,这样你可以休息一下。你会思绪万千,或许会哭那么一小会儿,为你自己、为这些年,但之后你会感觉好很多。你会明白你用不着死,即使那个男人没有好好待你,让你生不如死。然后你会重新爱上自己,不会再觉得自己丑陋或幼稚。”结果呢,这番话正说中了这位女人的心事,反而把她吓坏了,扔下书就走了。

读书真的可以治疗人类灵魂的疾病吗?许多人大概都半信半疑吧,但对那些书痴,比如对佩尔杜这样的人而言,无论何时,他看见一本书,就将其视为灵魂的万能药:他从书纸的羽翼中看到了自由。

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