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美国加利福尼亚大学里弗赛德分校的一项研究显示,三手烟会损伤实验鼠的肝脏和大脑,破坏新陈代谢,影响行为举止,增加出现神经退行性疾病的风险。小鼠接触三手烟仅一个月就出现明显健康问题。研究人员认为,研究对象虽然是小鼠,但这一结果也适用于人类,尤其是婴幼儿。
三手烟是指烟民吸烟后残留在衣物、墙壁、地毯、家具甚至头发和皮肤等表面的固体残留物,此外还包括物体表面的烟草残留物与空气污染物发生化学反应所产生的第二代污染物。三手烟污染持续时间比一手烟和二手烟更长,甚至数年都不消失,会通过呼吸道、消化道吸收及皮肤接触等方式危害人类。其中,处于爬行阶段的婴幼儿比成人更易接触物体表面,是接触三手烟的高危人群。
研究人员让一群小鼠接触三手烟6个月,分别在1、2、4和6个月时采集小鼠大脑、肝脏和血清样本,检测激素变化、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征以及肝脏和大脑受损情况。结果显示,小鼠接触三手烟1个月,肝脏受损;2个月时,出现更多分子损伤;等到4至6个月时,损伤进一步加剧,而且出现胰岛素抵抗。美国健康医学网15日援引研究人员的话报道,肝脏受损会影响其解毒能力,致使身体遭受更多三手烟毒害。
结果还显示,小鼠在三手烟环境中生活1个月后,肾上腺素等压力激素水平升高。在之后的检测中,小鼠的压力激素水平持续升高,最终引起免疫疲劳。
研究人员还发现,与不接触三手烟的小鼠相比,生活在三手烟环境中的小鼠不爱社交,有的甚至逐渐对三手烟上瘾。(黄敏)【新华社微特稿】
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