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员工签“对赌协议”公司违法 法官:企业不能将经营风险转由劳动者承担

2017-09-14 08:57:23   中国青年网

“对赌协议”一词常出现在投资领域,是双方对于未来不确定情况的一种约定。如果约定的条件出现,投资方可以行使一种权利;如果约定的条件不出现,融资方则行使一种权利。这种高风险的协议在投资界出现本无可厚非,但有的用人单位却也和劳动者玩起了“对赌”。近期,大兴法院就审理了一起劳动争议纠纷案件,一家知名的医药公司与员工签订“对赌协议”,由于员工未达到净利润考核,公司拒不退还保证金,被员工告上了法庭。

企业员工签协议 未完成业绩要扣钱

原告韩某诉称,2014年10月,入职被告公司,担任药店店长一职,双方签订了三年的劳动合同。在2015年1月,双方签了一个所谓的“承包合同”,由韩某向公司交了20万元保证金。公司承诺,一年承包期满了就会返还保证金。

但到了2015年8月,被告公司就与原告解除了劳动合同,并拒绝退还保证金。去年1月,原告到北京经济技术开发区劳动争议仲裁委员会申请劳动仲裁,但是开发区劳仲委作出不予受理的裁决。原告不服仲裁结果,诉至法院,请求判令被告返还20万元保证金。

法庭上,被告某知名医药公司辩称,不同意原告的诉讼请求。称双方签订的实际上是一个“对赌协议”,约定在2015年进行净利润考核,原告在该期间要完成128万元净利润的目标。在一年内超出的净利润归原告,低于128万元的差额要从20万元保证金中扣除。原告2015年前8个月完成的净利润为负值,根据合同约定,20万元保证金应用于抵扣净利润。

企业有违公平原则 判决退还保证金

大兴法院经审理认为,用人单位不得要求劳动者提供担保或者以其他名义向劳动者收取财物。该医药公司让员工交纳20万元保证金,利润差额“多退少扣”的做法,将企业经营的风险转由劳动者承担,有违公平原则,存在明显不当。故判决该医药公司退还韩某20万元保证金。

一审宣判后,医药公司不服,认为双方签订了合同,韩某没有完成净利润指标,20万元保证金应用于抵扣净利润,向北京市第二中级人民法院提出上诉。

北京市二中院审理后认为,一审法院经过依法审判作出的判决合理合法,最终判决驳回上诉,维持原判。

企业不得将风险转嫁

■法官释法

法官表示, 医药公司与韩某签订类似于“对赌协议”的“承诺书”,要求韩某上交20万元目标利润保证金的做法,是将企业经营的风险转由劳动者承担。这违反了公司应当诚信经营,也违反了用人单位不得要求劳动者提供担保的法律规定。

北京晨报记者 黄晓宇

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