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《企业破产法》实施十周年:公平保护利害关系人 依法审慎使用重整计划

2017-09-13 11:12:22   央广网

中国政法大学破产法与企业重组研究中心研究员陈夏红表示,从破产法实施的背景来看,破产法在2006年颁布的时候,充满了市场经济特色。但实际上,这十年中破产案件一年比一年少,这本身反映社会对破产法的接受程度。而最近这两年破产又回到了一个特别热的状况,但破产法始终没有摆脱工具的背景,破产法本身面对的生态并没有太大的改观。下一个10年,破产法可能会进入3.0版本,即可能会进入到既保护债权人也保护债务人,甚至保护社会公共利益的阶段,这是我们最终的目的。所以下一步破产法的进化要回归到它的经济属性,在市场经济的资源配置中发挥更重要的作用,这才是破产法应该完善的方向。

本次研讨会还邀请到中国国企改革最早的参与者之一、原太子奶集团创始人李途纯先生,就曾经轰动国内外的太子奶破产案进行了案例分享。2010年6月,李途纯因遭受构陷而被捕,15个月后被无罪释放。在李途纯被捕后不久,太子奶株洲三家公司被株洲市中级人民法院分别于2010年7月和2010年9月裁定进入重整程序。2011年11月裁定终止重整程序,进入重整执行阶段。李途纯称,目前其名下湖南红胜火投资管理有限公司的商标、200多亩土地、近2万平方米房产等资产也被一并错误的纳入重整资产,其正就该部分个人资产进行维权诉讼。

李曙光教授听完太子奶集团破产案例后表示,破产重整方案应该有执行人和监督人等一揽子方案,否则就是有缺陷的重整方案,目前有一些法院对于破产重整计划的规定是比较粗糙的,这也是破产法实践中比较严重的一个问题。如果法院的重整裁定做了一个商业判断,这个商业判断又不符合商业的规定和实践,甚至还有可能侵害到参与者的权利的话,法院也应承担相应责任。

此外,本次研讨会中,经济观察报记者张恒还就其历时一个月完成采访的温州庄吉服饰有限公司破产重整案进行了分享。2012年,老庄吉集团发生危机,2015年初,温州市中级人民法院裁定受理庄吉集团旗下6家公司提交的破产重整申请。如今,五年多时间过去,新庄吉集团仍与供应商陷入剪不断理还乱的债务纠纷中。

随后的讨论中,专家们分析认为,为推动企业破产法实施,有必要开拓视野,借鉴和学习包括英国在内的破产法治发达国家的经验,完善我国的破产法律制度,树立正确的破产法治理念。在立法中应研究建立督促企业经营者尽快启动破产程序的制度;在司法方面要采取有效措施降低企业破产成本,探索破产快速审理方式。在债权人等利害关系人保护方面,要尊重当事人意思自治,同时要公平保护同类利害关系人,人民法院尤其要依法审慎使用重整计划强制批准权。针对当前破产管理人报酬不尽合理、缺乏统一管理机构、履职不畅等问题,大家认为应当改革和完善现有的管理人报酬、管理和履职保障等问题。

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