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《企业破产法》实施十周年:公平保护利害关系人 依法审慎使用重整计划

2017-09-13 11:12:22   央广网

央广网北京9月13日消息(记者张则华)由法制日报社主办、法人杂志承办的“《企业破产法》实施十周年研讨会”日前在法制日报社召开。《企业破产法》自2007年6月1日正式实施,迄今已经十周年。《企业破产法》起草人、中国政法大学破产法与企业重组研究中心主任李曙光认为,破产法下一步应该从破产案件的受理、和解制度、跨境破产、个人破产等八个方面进行修改。

党的十八大尤其是党的十八届五中全会以来,中央要求更加注重运用市场机制、经济手段、法治办法化解产能过剩,完善企业退出机制。借鉴国际成功经验,完善我国破产法律制度,充分发挥破产程序在供给侧结构性改革中的作用,是人民法院的重要任务。座谈会上,李曙光表示,“10年前,我也想不到《破产法》会成为我国市场经济中非常重要的一部法律。但现在,它已经成为供给侧结构性改革的一个突破口。”此外,李曙光教授还就破产法在下一步实施与发展过程中应该注意的六个问题提出了自己的看法。第一,未来要运用法治思维和法律方法来处置僵尸企业,对于僵尸企业的处置要少干预、少插手,更多让破产法说话;第二,要注意区分僵尸企业和危困企业,对症下药;第三,这新一轮破产法实施过程中,要综合运用好债转股、资产证券化等金融工具。第四,要注意发展和规范管理人队伍,加强自律机制;第五,要强化破产司法的专业性、独立性与公正性;第六,要形成更好的、更宽容的、给机会的破产文化。

最后,李曙光教授对未来破产法立法的八个修改方向也进行了展望。第一是,建议在法律上给予破产法庭一个地位。第二,建议设立破产管理局,让政府部门也参与到破产管理程序。第三,目前管理人的选任由法院指定,建议由债权人来选择管理人,这样更加符合市场化的规定。第四,现在和解制度基本上用不上,建议把和解制度改成强制和解。第五,建议对重整当中的强裁以及预重整制度等重整制度在破产法当中予以修改。第六,目前破产法没有对跨境破产的规定,建议在立法中增设跨境破产制度,明确境外管理人的身份。第七,建议进一步完善金融机构破产制度。第八,建议在破产法中增加个人破产制度。

中国政法大学民商经济法学院副院长、中国民法学会副会长、北京市破产法学会副会长李永军认为,破产法这10年来对中国的理论和实践产生了非常大的影响,跟1986年的破产法相比,进步非常大,程序相对也更为完善。但是,破产法实践中也出现了问题,一方面是配套措施不完善,存在超越法律去创造很多东西的情况,甚至有一些法官在实践中按照美国的法律来操作中国的破产程序,这是一个非常可怕的事情。破产法经过了10年之后,实践对理论提出了很多新的要求,我们应该通过修改法律和司法解释来达到这样一个目的。

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