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揭秘恒力股份重组标的巨亏真因

2017-09-12 17:00:31   中国经济网

2010年以来同样的宏观环境下,恒力投资年年巨亏,同行企业却有盈利的客观事实证明,宏观环境只是外因,并非根本原因,导致恒力投资巨亏的是内因

恒力股份本次重大资产重组拟发行股份,花费83亿元巨资购买的恒力投资自2010年注册成立以来,连年亏损,累计未分配利润高达-42.4亿元。

项目建设期亏损无可厚非,产能规模不达标时亏损亦有情可原,可恒力投资在2015年三套年产能220万吨PTA装置全部建成后继续亏损,而且越亏越大——2016年亏损5.22亿元、2015年亏损9.79亿元,个中成因何在?恒力股份解释,是因为油价波动、汇兑损失和上游原料定价权旁落等。

本人认为,上述分析似是而非,它所罗列的亏损成因都只是宏观范畴的。而2010年以来同样的宏观环境下,恒力投资年年巨亏,同行企业却有盈利的客观事实证明,宏观环境只是外因,并非根本原因,导致恒力投资巨亏的是内因。

首先,亏在地理位置上。恒力投资的三套220万吨装置全部座落在东北大连,而恒力投资的客户主要集中在华东的江苏、浙江和福建,两地相隔千里。这种产销两地远距离“分居”局面与宁波逸盛、嘉兴石化等同行企业形成鲜明对照,它们的生产基地就在客户身边。产销两地远距离“分居”客观地决定了恒力投资的PTA产品必须通过海运才能送到客户手中,物流配送需要经过陆运——从工厂到码头、海运——从东北到华东、再陆运——从码头到客户厂区三个环节,由此增加了装卸需求——三装三卸,而同行企业只需一次陆运、一次装卸,而且如果用槽罐车送货连装袋和包装袋都可以节省。

据恒力股份在对证监会上市部反馈意见的“答复”中披露,2016年恒力投资花在运输上的开支为4亿元,每吨PTA产品合59.4元。虽然业内人士质疑这个数据有假(不应低于100元/吨),但由于恒力投资的PTA销售采用送货上门价,所以那怕按这个数据测算,由产销两地远距离“分居”带来的特别运输成本也是一个不小的数字。

其次,亏在利息负担上。恒力投资的资产负债率明显高于同行企业。截止2016年12月31日和2015年12月30日,恒力投资的银行借款余额分别高达209.45亿元和236.8亿元。高额负债直接带来沉重的财务成本。2016年恒力投资支付银行利息金额突破十亿,达11.51亿元,按673万吨PTA总产量计,平均每吨PTA需要承担直接利息成本171元。这个数字在2015年为181元。

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