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中国淘汰消耗臭氧层物质27万吨 占发展中国家一半以上

2017-09-12 17:00:08   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 林维):1987年,国际社会正式签署了《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》,共同保护臭氧层、淘汰消耗臭氧层物质。为纪念《蒙特利尔议定书》缔结30周年,中国环保部12日在北京举行庆祝活动。中国环保部部长指出,截至目前,中国共淘汰ODS(消耗臭氧层物质)27万吨,占发展中国家淘汰量的一半以上。

1985年的《保护臭氧层的维也纳公约》是最早提出保护臭氧层的框架协定;1987年,作为实现公约的具体实施计划——《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》签订。该议定书主要是对全氯氟烃、哈龙、四氯化碳等ODS(消耗臭氧层物质)的生产和消费进行控制。目前,联合国承认的197个主权国家全部成为议定书的缔约方。

中国政府于1989年签署了《维也纳公约》,并于1991年加入了《蒙特利尔议定书》。在履约过程中,中国做了一系列基础工作,包括建立由18个部委组成的保护臭氧层领导小组,并于1993年制定发布了《中国逐步淘汰消耗臭氧层物质国家方案》,以及制定实施了相应的行业淘汰计划等。在12日举行的纪念《蒙特利尔议定书》缔结30周年纪念大会上,中国环境保护部部长李干杰介绍了中国保护臭氧层的主要成绩:“在《蒙特利尔议定书》议定书框架下,中国已累计淘汰消耗臭氧层物质超过27万吨,占发展中国家淘汰量的一半以上。近年来,我们还淘汰含全氢氯氟烃生产量7.1万吨,使用量4.5万吨,关闭生产能力8.8万吨,超额完成第一阶段含全氢氯氟烃淘汰目标,为国际履约成功贡献了重要的中国力量。”

中国在保护臭氧层方面的贡献也得到了国际社会的认可。《蒙特利尔议定书》资金机制——多边基金执委会主席保罗先生表示,中国的履约行动为《蒙特利尔议定书》的成功实施作出了突出贡献,“中国持续地履约发出了一个明确信号——中国正在积极推进生态文明建设,并取得了扎实成效。我想祝贺中国完成了第一阶段含全氢氯氟烃的淘汰目标,并做好了开展第二阶段目标的准备工作。”

由于大多数消耗臭氧层物质同时也是温室气体,所以《蒙特利尔议定书》的实施不仅保护了臭氧层,其对于减缓气候变化也功不可没。此外,《蒙特利尔议定书》的实施还避免了世界上大量疾病的发生。数据显示,21世纪末,《蒙特利尔议定书》顺利实施至少避免了1亿皮肤癌病例以及大量白内障病例的发生。

中国环保部部长李干杰表示,中国未来还将与国际社会一道认真履行《蒙特利尔议定书》等国际环境公约,加速形成低碳、可循环、可持续的生产、生活方式,“第一是依法加强消耗臭氧层物质的管理,严格执行消耗臭氧层物质管理条例,完善配额管理、数据报告、销售备案等措施,进一步加大监督执法力度。第二是推动绿色低碳替代技术开发应用。我们将大力发展臭氧层友好、气候友好、符合节能安全要求的替代技术,通过产业政策、政府绿色采购、宣传引导等方式鼓励和支持替代技术的开发、推广。”

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