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在台北故宫观赏散氏盘

2017-09-08 08:32:08   中国青年网

郑千山 文/图

到台北不可能不去参观台北故宫博物院,这里浓缩着中华文化上下五千年(其实这里还有8000多年的文化)文化的精髓。

导游介绍说,台北故宫博物院所藏最有名气的是清代永和宫瑾妃的随嫁嫁妆之一的“翠玉白菜”,大家一定要一睹真容。说句实在话,在琳琅满目的台北故宫博物院藏品中,“翠玉白菜”似乎算不得什么,因为在我的心中,还有比它重要得多的东西想要一睹真容,比如《散氏盘》与《毛公鼎》。

《散氏盘》又称夨人盘,西周晚期最著名的青铜器之一,与《毛公鼎》、《虢季子白盘铭》并称为西周三大青铜器,因铭文中有“散氏”字样而得名。清乾隆年间出土于陕西凤翔(今宝鸡市凤翔县)。据资料记载,《散氏盘》“盘高20.6公分,腹深9.8公分,口径54.6公分,底径41.4公分。为盥洗的水器,圆形、浅腹,双附耳,高圈足。腹饰夔纹,间以兽首三,圈足饰兽面纹。内底铸有铭文19行、357字。记述的是夨人付给散氏田地之事,是研究西周土地制度的重要史料。”

晚周周厉王时期,礼崩乐坏已到极致,周天下已成为星罗密布的大小诸侯国各自为据。两个“小咪渣”诸侯国散国与夨国相邻,都位于陕西宝鸡凤翔一带。当年你咬我一口,我咬你一口,纷争白热化了,又开始和谈赔地赔款立盟——这是战国时期诸侯国之间的常态,不足为奇,就是因为夨国偷袭了散国的田邑,造成散国损失,后来玩不赢了,又割田地赔偿。割地树封的履勘纪录、割地后盟誓立契的实景以及两国参与定界者的见证名单等,就组成了《散氏盘》的内容。

《散氏盘》名气之所以大,除了史料价值外,主要就是它的书法艺术价值。作为西周晚期青铜器时代书法艺术顶峰的杰出代表作,它用笔粗犷、豪放,融稚拙与老辣、恣肆与稳健于一体,笔法多变,屈折有致,欹正相生,一任自然,笔墨与心手之间,传递出一种无言的古朴、畅达之美。最独特的是,《散氏盘》的结体独树一帜,随字造形,参差错落,奇姿百出,令人叹为观止,正如当代著名书法家胡小石先生所评说的那样:“篆体至周而大备,其大器若盂鼎、毛公鼎、曶鼎、齐侯、罍王孙钟之属,结字并取纵势,其尚横者唯散氏盘而已。”

《散氏盘》出土后一直在民间辗转,后经著名金石家阮元鉴定,定名《散氏盘》,又因阿林保为嘉庆皇帝祝寿而入贡内府,后经嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统六朝,久藏宫中,一直到上世纪20年代才被重新发现并入藏故宫,1949年后安置于台北故宫博物院。

学习书法的人,几乎无人不知《散氏盘》;研究历史的,都明白《散氏盘》在中国古代青铜时期的价值。阅读、临习《散氏盘》的文章和书法作品也浩如烟海,但能渡过台湾海峡,亲眼目睹其真身,确实是一种难得的机缘。当走进台北故宫博物院,《散氏盘》就出现在我面前时,心好像要从心口跳出——朴茂厚重的《散氏盘》,你屹立于五千年传统文化长河的重要十字路口,记录着刀光剑影、鼓角铮鸣,又穿越千年,以无言的力量承载着文化的传承,灯光照耀于散氏盘上,那仿佛是远古传来的火光,照亮了铭盘和铭盘上仪态万方的文字,让那一瞬间,我的眼前,华声韵响,气象万千!

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