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《故宫院长说故宫》 故宫的红,是大紫大红

2017-09-08 07:32:00   中国青年网

故宫一隅。本文图片由天地出版社提供

随处可见丰富色彩。

近日,故宫博物院前院长李文儒撰写的《故宫院长说故宫》,将自己十多年与故宫“打交道”的点点滴滴汇聚成书,重新解读了故宫的前世今生。在此,雄伟的故宫将开启另一扇神秘之门:那里的红,不是红,而是大紫大红;景山非山,而是河泥堆积多了,它便成了山;这里容不得生命的自由生长,却对一棵树珍爱有加……□本报记者 肖姗姗

建造

是集体无意识创作

《故宫院长说故宫》是以第一人称的写作手法,通过图文相结合的形式,利用20个章节,分门别类地介绍了故宫现存的建筑,加上作者的感悟,呈现的不是冷冰冰的建筑,而是有故事的故宫。

故宫,在明清时期叫“紫禁城”。经过十几年的守望、观察,李文儒最终对紫禁城的定位是一个“主题先行”的艺术结晶,是中国传统文化的艺术结晶。

众所周知,明成祖朱棣是紫禁城的总规划、总设计、总指挥,他下面有一个出谋划策、奔走督办、执行操持的团队。但李文儒却并不认同朱棣是最终成就紫禁城的最大功臣,“确切地说,紫禁城是中国古老哲学诗学和传统礼制礼教的格式化、物象化、美学化,是集体无意识的创作。”

李文儒惊讶于建筑理学与建筑美学二者之间在紫禁城完美的统一。古代没有航测遥感、卫星定位以及精确到毫厘的精密仪器,“紫禁城不是量出来、算出来的,是想出来、看出来、说出来的。自然,一定有很多人,要做许多很实际很具体的工作,如‘仰观天象、俯察地理、中参人和’等。”李文儒说,紫禁城占地足足72万多平方米,据说房屋总计是9999间半,“它是矗立在天地间沟通天地的形象与标志。”

用色

整不好要掉脑袋

在修建紫禁城时,对于建筑色彩的拿捏,也是极其苛刻,“整不好,是要掉脑袋的!”李文儒透露,在那个时候,使用颜色是非常等级森严的,上至文武百官,下到平头百姓,“尤其是衣服的颜色不能混用的。比如你想穿个黄色的小马褂,对不起,那是皇帝的特权,他说给谁穿,谁才能穿。”

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