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保护举报人,法律不能缺位

2017-09-08 08:18:21   中国青年网

今年5月25日,原广西平南县思旺镇中心小学老师何思云得知有十多名女学生在校外托管机构睡觉时被一男教师猥亵后,强烈建议校领导立刻报警,但学校两名领导说要等校长决定。何思云随后通过手机短信向县教育局局长汇报此事,盼望及时处理,当天未收到回复。次日上午,何思云报警。报警后没多久,何思云称遭到平南县教育局打击报复被迫离职。县政府日前通报称,县教育局于今年4月开始对全县教师转岗进行核查,何思云提供的教师资格证被证实为假证,按照规定,不能如期转岗(9月7日《中国妇女报》)。

“路见不平一声吼”,何思云心系学生安危,深感学生权益保护的紧迫性,在其建议未得到领导回应的情况下,及时采取有效措施阻止犯罪嫌疑人进一步侵害学生的合法权益,这是学生之幸,也彰显了何思云满怀的正义。

从报道来看,关于何思云不能如期转岗和其举报一事之间是否存在因果联系,双方显然对此各执一词。站在何思云和读者的角度,难免将两者联系起来。但如果只是时间上的巧合,就不存在所谓的“打击报复”。事实的真相究竟如何,需要进一步的调查方能得出结论。但何思云的遭遇赢得如此之多的关注和同情,再次凸显了一个沉重的话题:法律对举报人合法权益的保护仍不到位,仍令群众不满意。

举报人的存在为打击违法犯罪行为提供线索来源,其重要性不言而喻。宪法指出,公民对于任何国家机关和国家工作人员的违法失职行为,有向有关国家机关提出申诉、控告或者检举的权利,肯定了公民的检举权。刑事诉讼法也强调,任何单位和个人发现有犯罪事实或者犯罪嫌疑人,有权利也有义务向公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院报案或者举报。但遗憾的是,对于如何保护举报人的合法权益,法律规定并不完善,相关规定散落在法律和司法解释中,其保护作用明显不足。2016年3月,中央深改组审议通过了《关于保护、奖励职务犯罪举报人的若干规定》,细化了对于职务犯罪举报人的保护,在一定程度上强化了对举报人的保护。只是,对职务犯罪以外的举报人权利该如何保护,仍有待补足。

这也是所有举报人的疑问。长期以来,举报人“流汗流泪又流血”的事例比比皆是,举报人或被侮辱,或被打,或被杀,或被穿小鞋,这些潜在的威胁和代价让多少知情人不敢站出来发声,又让多少勇敢站出来发声的人痛彻心扉。诚如何思云所言,“我的报警行为没有得到肯定,反而被迫离职,如果今后再发生类似事件,谁还敢挺身而出,保护祖国的花朵?”

让知情人勇于发声,需要在法律制度方面多下功夫,包括畅通举报渠道,履行好举报保密、安全保障义务,给予举报人奖励和补偿等激励机制。此外,需要加强对于举报行为的宣传,提升公民对于举报行为的接受度和认可度,营造一种敢于举报、乐于举报的社会氛围。唯有这样,举报人才能获得足够的保护。

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