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“海归贬值”实为人力市场价值理性回归

2017-09-08 07:51:45   央广网

所谓“海归贬值”,很大程度上可算是人力市场的理性回归——真正优越的优质海归仍然招人稀罕,而那些投机庸碌之辈却已好景不再。

海归,海外留学后归国就业人才,曾是高端人才的代名词。10多年前在人才市场,海归人才招聘会都设在贵宾室,留学生是抢手货。而今,这一现状已发生剧变。6年前,杭州有一家人卖掉当时唯一一套房子,拿了150万,用120万供女儿小林留学。随后,又用30万加积蓄做首付又买了套180万的房子。6年后,一家公司只给海归小林开出了月底薪2000元的条件,而小林家新买的房子涨到了400万。(9月6日《都市快报》)

海归文凭贬值,留学回报率降低,这些早就是公认的事实。之于此,媒体总能挖掘出太多的案例佐证,公众也正在形成越来越清晰的判断。被围观的海归故事,尽管情节各有不同,但大致脉络却大同小异。无非是当初花费巨资出国留学,而今学成归来却处处碰壁,收入微薄之外,又陷入了深深的自我怀疑。发生在杭州的“卖房送女留学”之事,大致也遵循着这样的路数。只不过,这其中房价的一路飙涨对比着海归的可怜薪水,更显出一抹天意弄人的意味。

当然了,并不是所有的留学生都和小林一样花掉百万,也并不是所有的海归都和小林一般底薪两千。当舆论动辄将“海归”看作是一个整体进行叙事和评价,便注定会忽略掉这一群体内部巨大的差异性。事实上,出身海外名校的精英海归,时至今日仍然身价居高不下。其所取得的超额职业回报,足可说明“留学”的价值之所在。说到底,简单断定“海归贬值”,并没有太多意义。留学生个体的素养,才是决定性的。

当人们谈论“留学变得越来越不合算”,无疑应该厘清这样一个前提,那就是“留学正变得越来越容易”。甚至在某种程度上,留学已成为了一种产业化的生意,但凡肯花钱,便总能找到一所外国大学适合你。而与此相对照的,是近年来中国学生进入欧美名校越来越难,由于申请人数的不断增加,录取比率随之走低。由此可见,“中国留学生”的内部差别和分层,相较于以往任何时候都要明显得多。极少数顶端人才,与大多数寻常学生,双方的差距越拉越大。

试问,有多少“留学生”是国内高考体系下的淘汰者,又有多少“留学生”在国外浑浑噩噩混文凭。过去相当长时间内,全社会存在着根深蒂固的“海归即优秀”的刻板印象,由此事实上留下了太多的套利空间。不少资质平平的学生海外镀金一番“出口转内销”便行情看涨,这本身就是个极不正常、极不公平的现象。如今,所谓“海归贬值”,很大程度上可算是人力市场的理性回归——真正优越的优质海归仍然招人稀罕,而那些投机庸碌之辈却已好景不再。

是出国留学还是读国内大学,在当今语境下,这两种完全不同的教育选择,已经没有绝对化的优劣之分。说到底,还是得由教育效果,而不是教育经历来界定一个人的市场价值。对于大多数留学生来说,必须做好准备,接受回国后被市场再审视、再检验、再定价的过程,而不是继续抱持一厢情愿的优越感坐享身份红利。而无论如何,那些真的努力、真的优秀的留学生还是应该坚信,这个世界自不会负你。

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